Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Aug 15;456:131660. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131660. Epub 2023 May 18.
The presence of ARGs (antibiotic resistance genes) in the aquatic environment is a serious threat to public health especially in environmental biofilms as natural reservoirs of ARGs in water treatment plants (WTP). It has been shown that the treatment technology and source of water have a significant impact on the abundance and type of genes determining antibiotic resistance. The following indicator genes were proposed that should absolutely be controlled in environmental biofilms: intl1, sul2, sul1, tetA, blaOXA, and blaTEM. In both studied WTPs, the highest number of copies was determined for the intI1 gene. Among the tested ARGs, the highest values were obtained for genes sul1 and tetA. The qPCR analysis also revealed that the amounts of determined ARGs decreased in the following order: sulphonamides>carbapenems >tetracyclines > β-lactams >macrolides. The dominant bacterial types in all analysed samples were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Both ARGs and bacterial biodiversity was determined rather by sampling site (spatial variation) than seasonality. The obtained results show that biofilms are reservoirs of ARGs. This may affect the microbiological quality of water entering the water system. It is therefore necessary to include their analysis in the classical studies of water quality.
抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）在水环境中的存在对公共健康构成严重威胁，尤其是在水处理厂（WTP）的自然抗生素耐药基因库——环境生物膜中。研究表明，处理技术和水源对决定抗生素耐药性的基因的丰度和类型有重大影响。以下是建议在环境生物膜中绝对控制的指示基因：intl1、sul2、sul1、tetA、blaOXA 和 blaTEM。在所研究的两个 WTP 中，均检测到 intI1 基因的拷贝数最高。在所测试的 ARGs 中，sul1 和 tetA 基因的数值最高。qPCR 分析还表明，所确定的 ARGs 的量依次减少：磺胺类>碳青霉烯类>四环素类>β-内酰胺类>大环内酯类。所有分析样本中的优势细菌类型均为变形菌门和拟杆菌门。ARGs 和细菌生物多样性主要取决于采样点（空间变化），而不是季节性。所得结果表明，生物膜是 ARGs 的储存库。这可能会影响进入水系统的水的微生物质量。因此，有必要在经典水质研究中纳入对其的分析。
