Department of Nursing, Cheongju University, 298 Daesung-Ro, Cheongwon-Gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28503, South Korea.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2023 Oct;113:105062. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105062. Epub 2023 May 17.
The importance of environmental influences on successful aging has recently been emphasized. However, existing studies that investigated environmental factors related to successful aging in older adults did not apply multi-level analysis while simultaneously examining individual and environmental factors related to successful aging. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of successful aging in older adults and the individual and environmental factors related to successful aging.
Data from a nationwide survey were used. The study comprised a cross-sectional sample of 73,942 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years with individual-level data drawn from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. Community-level data of 255 local administrative districts (cities or counties) were extracted from the Community Health Determinant Database from 2017 to 2019. These data were merged and used in multi-level logistic regression analyses.
Generally, 27.1% of the participants achieved successful aging. Individual factors including sex, age, marital status, education level, job, monthly household income, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index were significantly associated with successful aging. Four environmental factors, urban residential area, social network, satisfaction with living environment, and air quality, were positively associated with successful aging at the community level; among them, high satisfaction with living environment (OR = 6.06, 95% CI: 2.43-15.12) was the most strongly associated factor with successful aging.
The findings suggest that environmental factors are essential for successful aging among older adults in addition to individual factors. Therefore, multiple strategies considering individual and environmental factors are needed to improve successful aging.
环境对成功老龄化的影响最近受到了重视。然而，现有的研究调查了与老年人成功老龄化相关的环境因素，但没有同时应用多层次分析来同时考察与成功老龄化相关的个体和环境因素。因此，本研究旨在确定老年人成功老龄化的水平以及与成功老龄化相关的个体和环境因素。
使用了全国性调查的数据。本研究采用了横断面样本，包括 73942 名年龄≥65 岁的社区居住成年人，个体层面的数据来自 2019 年韩国社区健康调查。2017 年至 2019 年，从社区健康决定因素数据库中提取了 255 个地方行政区（市或县）的社区层面数据。这些数据被合并并用于多层次逻辑回归分析。
总体而言，27.1%的参与者实现了成功老龄化。个体因素，包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教育水平、职业、月家庭收入、吸烟、身体活动和体重指数，与成功老龄化显著相关。四个环境因素，城市居住区域、社会网络、对生活环境的满意度和空气质量，与社区层面的成功老龄化呈正相关；其中，对生活环境的高度满意度（OR=6.06，95%CI：2.43-15.12）与成功老龄化的关联最强。
研究结果表明，除了个体因素外，环境因素对老年人的成功老龄化至关重要。因此，需要考虑个体和环境因素的多种策略来改善成功老龄化。
