Body Condition and Fertility in Dogs.

Ideal body condition and nutritional status in dogs is essential for quality of life, including reproductive health. Herein, we review the implications body condition, particularly fat, has on puberty, fertility, pregnancy, and parturition in dogs. Ideal body condition at puberty is necessary for dogs to achieve sexual maturity and reproduce. Moreover, over and under conditioned female dogs have increased risk of adverse pregnancy, parturition, and neonatal outcomes. Less is known about body condition and male dog fertility but some evidence is provided in this article. Finally, recommendations for maintaining an ideal body condition in intact adult dogs for optimal fertility are provided.