School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy -
Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2023 Sep;63(9):964-973. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.23.14995-4. Epub 2023 May 22.
The aim of the present study was to determine the time-motion structure of high-level taekwondo matches during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in relation to sex, match outcome, weight category and match round.
Overall, 7007 actions were recorded during the analysis of 134 performances (67 rounds of 24 matches: four rounds of 16, eight quarterfinals, eight semifinals and four finals) in male and female flyweight (≤58 kg and ≤49 kg, respectively), and heavyweight categories (≥80 kg and ≥67 kg, respectively). The attack time (AT), number of AT (AN), skipping time (ST) and pause time (PT) were registered.
The AT/ST ratio was ~1:1.5. Male athletes performed significantly longer (P<0.001) sum PT than female athletes. Flyweight athletes differed significantly from their heavyweight counterparts by having longer (P<0.001) average and sum AT, greater (P<0.001) AN, higher (P<0.001) AT/ST ratio, shorter (P<0.001) average and sum ST, and lower (P<0.01) (AT+ST)/PT ratio. Rounds 2 and 3 had average PT significantly longer (P<0.01) than round 1. Round 3 had sum PT longer (P<0.001) and (AT+ST)/PT ratio lower than in round 1.
The rule changes and the implementation of the electronic score recording system had a major impact on the time-motion structure of combat by generating a considerably higher AT/ST ratio than in the past. The comparisons indicated that the structure of the combat is modulated by weight category and phase of the combat. In practice, coaches could develop sport-specific high-intensity interval training using the time-motion indexes of the present study as guidelines.
本研究的目的是确定 2020 年东京奥运会上高水平跆拳道比赛的时间-动作结构，涉及性别、比赛结果、体重级别和比赛轮次。
在分析男子和女子蝇量级（分别≤58 公斤和≤49 公斤）和重量级（分别≥80 公斤和≥67 公斤）的 24 场比赛的 67 轮（4 轮 16 进 8，8 进 4，4 进 2 和 2 进 1）时，共记录了 7007 次动作。记录了攻击时间（AT）、AT 次数（AN）、跳跃时间（ST）和暂停时间（PT）。
AT/ST 比值约为 1:1.5。男运动员的总 PT 明显长于女运动员（P<0.001）。蝇量级运动员与重量级运动员相比，平均和总 AT 更长（P<0.001），AN 更大（P<0.001），AT/ST 比值更高（P<0.001），平均和总 ST 更短（P<0.001），（AT+ST）/PT 比值更低（P<0.01）。第 2 轮和第 3 轮的平均 PT 明显长于第 1 轮（P<0.01）。第 3 轮的总 PT 更长（P<0.001），（AT+ST）/PT 比值更低（P<0.001）。
规则的改变和电子计分系统的实施对比赛的时间-动作结构产生了重大影响，产生的 AT/ST 比值明显高于过去。这些比较表明，比赛的结构是由体重级别和比赛阶段调制的。在实践中，教练可以根据本研究的时间-动作指标制定特定于运动的高强度间歇训练。
