Apollaro Gennaro, Ouergui Ibrahim, Rodríguez Yarisel Quiñones, Kons Rafael L, Detanico Daniele, Franchini Emerson, Ruggeri Piero, Falcó Coral, Faelli Emanuela
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Oct 14;12(10):278. doi: 10.3390/sports12100278.
The ATP-PCr system represents the main source of energy during high-intensity attack actions in taekwondo matches. In contrast, the glycolytic system supports the maintenance of these actions when repeated techniques are performed. Given the close relationship between anaerobic energy systems and attack activity in combat, the literature relating to the use of sport-specific test protocols for anaerobic assessment has experienced a remarkable increase. This narrative review aims to illustrate the sport-specific anaerobic tests available in taekwondo by retracing and examining development and validation process for each test. Forty-one articles published between 2014 and 2023 were selected via the MEDLINE and Google Scholar bibliographic databases. These tests are the Taekwondo Anaerobic Test and Adapted Anaerobic Kick Test (i.e., continuous mode testing); the 10 s and multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Tests; the chest and head Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Tests; and the Taekwondo-Specific Aerobic-Anaerobic-Agility test (i.e., intermittent mode testing). Coaches and strength and conditioning professionals can use all the tests described in taekwondo gyms as they feature short and easy-to-implement protocols for monitoring and prescribing specific anaerobic training. The guidelines in this review evaluate each test from several perspectives: basic (e.g., validity, reliability, and sensitivity), methodological (e.g., continuous or intermittent mode testing) and application (e.g., time-motion structure and performance parameters). This comprehensive approach aims to assist stakeholders in selecting the most appropriate test.
ATP-PCr系统是跆拳道比赛中高强度攻击动作的主要能量来源。相比之下，当进行重复技术动作时，糖酵解系统支持这些动作的持续进行。鉴于无氧能量系统与格斗中的攻击活动之间的密切关系，有关使用特定运动测试方案进行无氧评估的文献显著增加。本叙述性综述旨在通过追溯和研究每项测试的开发与验证过程，阐明跆拳道中可用的特定运动无氧测试。通过MEDLINE和谷歌学术文献数据库筛选出2014年至2023年间发表的41篇文章。这些测试包括跆拳道无氧测试和适应性无氧踢腿测试（即连续模式测试）；10秒和多次踢腿频率速度测试；胸部和头部跆拳道无氧间歇踢腿测试；以及跆拳道特定有氧-无氧-敏捷性测试（即间歇模式测试）。教练以及体能训练专业人员可以在跆拳道馆使用所有这些测试，因为它们具有简短且易于实施的方案，可用于监测和制定特定的无氧训练计划。本综述中的指南从几个角度评估每项测试：基本方面（如有效性、可靠性和敏感性）、方法学方面（如连续或间歇模式测试）以及应用方面（如时间-动作结构和性能参数）。这种全面的方法旨在帮助利益相关者选择最合适的测试。
