Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, India.
J Fluoresc. 2024 Jan;34(1):15-118. doi: 10.1007/s10895-023-03231-1. Epub 2023 May 22.
Rhodamine-based chemosensors have sparked considerable interest in recent years due to their remarkable photophysical properties, which include high absorption coefficients, exceptional quantum yields, improved photostability, and significant red shifts. This article presents an overview of the diverse fluorometric, and colorimetric sensors produced from rhodamine, as well as their applications in a wide range of fields. The ability of rhodamine-based chemosensors to detect a wide range of metal ions, including Hg, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Fe, Cd, Sn, Zn, and Pb, is one of their major advantages. Other applications of these sensors include dual analytes, multianalytes, and relay recognition of dual analytes. Rhodamine-based probes can also detect noble metal ions such as Au, Ag, and Pt. They have been used to detect pH, biological species, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, anions, and nerve agents in addition to metal ions. The probes have been engineered to undergo colorimetric or fluorometric changes upon binding to specific analytes, rendering them highly selective and sensitive by ring-opening via different mechanisms such as Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET), Chelation Enhanced Fluorescence (CHEF), Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT), and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). For improved sensing performance, light-harvesting dendritic systems based on rhodamine conjugates has also been explored for enhanced sensing performance. These dendritic arrangements permit the incorporation of numerous rhodamine units, resulting in an improvement in signal amplification and sensitivity. The probes have been utilised extensively for imaging biological samples, including imaging of living cells, and for environmental research. Moreover, they have been combined into logic gates for the construction of molecular computing systems. The usage of rhodamine-based chemosensors has created significant potential in a range of disciplines, including biological and environmental sensing as well as logic gate applications. This study focuses on the work published between 2012 and 2021 and emphasises the enormous research and development potential of these probes.
近年来，由于其显著的光物理性质，包括高吸收系数、出色的量子产率、提高的光稳定性和显著的红移，基于罗丹明的化学传感器引起了相当大的兴趣。本文综述了基于罗丹明的荧光和比色传感器的多样性，以及它们在广泛领域的应用。基于罗丹明的化学传感器能够检测包括 Hg、Al、Cr、Cu、Fe、Fe、Cd、Sn、Zn 和 Pb 在内的多种金属离子，这是其主要优势之一。这些传感器的其他应用包括双分析物、多分析物和双分析物的中继识别。罗丹明基探针还可以检测贵金属离子，如 Au、Ag 和 Pt。除了金属离子外，它们还被用于检测 pH 值、生物物种、活性氧和氮物种、阴离子和神经毒剂。这些探针被设计为在与特定分析物结合时发生比色或荧光变化，通过不同的机制（如光诱导电子转移 (PET)、螯合增强荧光 (CHEF)、分子内电荷转移 (ICT) 和荧光共振能量转移 (FRET)）进行开环反应，从而具有高度选择性和灵敏度。为了提高传感性能，还探索了基于罗丹明缀合物的光收集树枝状系统以提高传感性能。这些树枝状排列允许掺入大量罗丹明单元，从而提高信号放大和灵敏度。这些探针已广泛用于生物样品的成像，包括活细胞的成像，以及环境研究。此外，它们已被组合到逻辑门中，用于构建分子计算系统。基于罗丹明的化学传感器在包括生物和环境传感以及逻辑门应用在内的多个学科中具有巨大的潜在应用。本研究重点关注 2012 年至 2021 年期间发表的工作，并强调了这些探针的巨大研究和发展潜力。
