Abend S M, Porder M S
Int J Psychoanal. 1986;67 ( Pt 2):201-8.
Identification is a term with a complex history in the evolution of psychoanalytic thought. It is used in explanations of symptom formation and the development of psychic structure. The authors report the results of a study of identifications as they appear in clinical material from the analyses of neurotic patients. Those identifications which come to the attention of analyst and analysand in the course of analysis are seen to be expressions of underlying fantasies of becoming, or becoming like another person. What is most significant and useful to determine is the unconscious motive or motives for these identificatory fantasies. As these fantasies are compromise formations, the analytic method can detect motives from all their component elements, that is to say various instinctual gratifications, defenses against anxiety, depressive affect or both, and superego contributions, whose motives may be said to be punishment, expiation or undoing. Clinical material is presented which demonstrates typical forms of identification, and the interweaving of these motives is shown. Certain long-standing ideas about distinguishing identifications of different types from one another are questioned, and the common underlying structure of all identifications is stressed instead.
认同是一个在精神分析思想演变过程中有着复杂历史的术语。它被用于解释症状形成和心理结构的发展。作者报告了一项关于认同的研究结果，这些认同出现在对神经症患者分析的临床资料中。在分析过程中引起分析师和被分析者注意的那些认同，被视为成为或变得像另一个人的潜在幻想的表达。最关键且有用的是确定这些认同性幻想的无意识动机。由于这些幻想是妥协形成物，分析方法可以从其所有组成元素中检测出动机，也就是说各种本能满足、对焦虑的防御、抑郁情绪或两者兼而有之，以及超我贡献，其动机可以说是惩罚、赎罪或消除。文中呈现了临床资料，展示了认同的典型形式，并表明了这些动机的交织。一些关于区分不同类型认同的长期观点受到质疑，转而强调所有认同共同的潜在结构。
