Buhler Kayla J, Snyman Louwtjie P, Fuglei Eva, Davidson Rebecca, Ptochos Sokratis, Galloway Terry, Jenkins Emily
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway.
Med Vet Entomol. 2023 Dec;37(4):656-664. doi: 10.1111/mve.12665. Epub 2023 May 23.
The North has experienced unprecedented rates of warming over the past few decades, impacting the survival and development of insects and the pathogens that they carry. Since 2019, Arctic foxes from Canada (Nunavut) have been observed with fur loss inconsistent with natural shedding of fur. Adult lice were collected from Arctic foxes from Nunavut (n = 1) and Svalbard (n = 2; Norway) and were identified as sucking lice (suborder Anoplura). Using conventional PCR targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1), lice from Canada and Svalbard were 100% similar (8 pooled samples from Nunavut and 3 pooled samples from Svalbard), indicating that there is potential gene flow between ectoparasites on Scandinavian and North American Arctic fox populations. The cox1 sequences of Arctic fox lice and dog sucking lice (Linognathus setosus) had significant differences (87% identity), suggesting that foxes may harbour a cryptic species that has not previously been recognised. Conventional PCR targeting the gltA gene for Bartonella bacteria amplified DNA from an unknown gammaproteobacteria from two pooled louse samples collected from Svalbard foxes. The amplified sequences were 100% identical to each other but were only 78% like Proteus mirabilis reported in GenBank (CP053614), suggesting that lice on Arctic foxes may carry unique microorganisms that have yet to be described.
在过去几十年里，北方经历了前所未有的变暖速度，这影响了昆虫及其携带的病原体的生存和发展。自 2019 年以来，人们观察到来自加拿大（努纳武特地区）的北极狐出现了与自然换毛不一致的脱毛现象。从努纳武特地区（n=1）和斯瓦尔巴群岛（n=2；挪威）的北极狐身上采集了成年虱子，并将其鉴定为吸虱（亚目 Anoplura）。使用针对线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 1 基因（cox1）的常规 PCR，来自加拿大和斯瓦尔巴群岛的虱子完全相同（来自努纳武特地区的 8 个混合样本和来自斯瓦尔巴群岛的 3 个混合样本），表明斯堪的纳维亚和北美北极狐种群的外寄生虫之间存在潜在的基因流。北极狐虱子和狗吸虱（Linognathus setosus）的 cox1 序列有显著差异（87%的同一性），这表明狐狸可能携带以前未被识别的隐性物种。针对巴尔通体细菌 gltA 基因的常规 PCR 从斯瓦尔巴群岛狐狸的两个混合虱子样本中扩增出了未知的γ变形菌 DNA。扩增的序列彼此完全相同，但与 GenBank 中报道的变形菌 Proteus mirabilis （CP053614）只有 78%相似，这表明北极狐身上的虱子可能携带尚未描述的独特微生物。
