Faculty of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2023 Jul;41(5):573-589. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3813. Epub 2023 May 24.
Inflammation is an innate reaction of the body of an individual when subjected to the noxious factors repeatedly. Pharmacological approaches focused at disrupting cytokine signaling networks have become significant therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of inflammatory illnesses, cancer and autoimmune disorders. High levels of inflammatory mediators, particularly interleukin IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha leads to a cytokine storm in the body. Among all the released cytokines in a patient suffering from inflammatory disorder, IL-6 mediator has a pivotal role in this inflammatory cascade which progresses to a cytokine storm. Therefore, the blockage of the IL-6 inflammatory mediator could be a promising treatment option for the patients with hyper inflammatory conditions. The phytochemicals could provide the new lead compounds against the IL-6 mediator. Ficus carica has been the ideal plant of research and investigation due to its commercial, economic and medical importance. The anti-inflammatory properties of F. carica were further investigated by in silico and in vivo approaches. The docking scores of Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, Kaempferol-7-O-rutinoside, Cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside, and Rutin are -9.231, -8.921, -8.840, and -8.335 Kcal/mole respectively. The free energy of binding and stability of the docked complexes of these top four phytochemicals with the IL-6 were further analyzed by Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area and Molecular Dynamic simulations, respectively. The in vivo anti-inflammatory carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model was used for the validation of in silico results. The maximum percentage paw edema inhibition with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate was 70.32% and 45.05%, respectively. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity confirms the anti-inflammatory potential of F. carica. Therefore, it is predicted that Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, Kaempferol-7-O-rutinoside, Cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside, and Rutin have the potential to inhibit the IL-6 mediator which will aid in mitigating the cytokine storm in patients with acute inflammations.
炎症是个体在反复受到有害物质作用时的一种固有反应。针对细胞因子信号网络的药理学方法已成为治疗炎症性疾病、癌症和自身免疫性疾病的重要治疗选择。炎症介质,特别是白细胞介素 IL-1、IL-6、IL-18、IL-12 和肿瘤坏死因子 α 的水平升高,会导致体内细胞因子风暴。在患有炎症性疾病的患者中,所有释放的细胞因子中,IL-6 介质在炎症级联反应中起着关键作用,从而导致细胞因子风暴。因此,阻断 IL-6 炎症介质可能是治疗炎症反应过度患者的一种有前途的治疗选择。植物化学物质可以提供针对 IL-6 介质的新先导化合物。由于其商业、经济和医学重要性,无花果已成为研究和调查的理想植物。通过计算机模拟和体内方法进一步研究了无花果的抗炎特性。矢车菊素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-7-O-芦丁苷、矢车菊素-3-鼠李糖苷和芦丁的对接评分分别为-9.231、-8.921、-8.840 和-8.335 Kcal/mol。通过分子力学-广义 Born 表面面积和分子动力学模拟进一步分析了这四种植物化学物质与 IL-6 结合的自由能和稳定性。角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠爪肿胀模型用于验证计算机模拟结果。石油醚和乙酸乙酯的最大爪肿胀抑制率分别为 70.32%和 45.05%。体内抗炎活性证实了无花果的抗炎潜力。因此,可以预测矢车菊素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-7-O-芦丁苷、矢车菊素-3-鼠李糖苷和芦丁具有抑制 IL-6 介质的潜力,这将有助于减轻急性炎症患者的细胞因子风暴。