Bertola Marta, Righetti Laura, Gazza Laura, Ferrarini Andrea, Fornasier Flavio, Cirlini Martina, Lolli Veronica, Galaverna Gianni, Visioli Giovanna
Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 May 8;14:1172857. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1172857. eCollection 2023.
Perennial grains provide various ecosystem services compared to the annual counterparts thanks to their extensive root system and permanent soil cover. However, little is known about the evolution and diversification of perennial grains rhizosphere and its ecological functions over time. In this study, a suite of -OMICSs - metagenomics, enzymomics, metabolomics and lipidomics - was used to compare the rhizosphere environment of four perennial wheat lines at the first and fourth year of growth in comparison with an annual durum wheat cultivar and the parental species . We hypothesized that wheat perenniality has a greater role in shaping the rhizobiome composition, biomass, diversity, and activity than plant genotypes because perenniality affects the quality and quantity of C input - mainly root exudates - hence modulating the plant-microbes crosstalk. In support of this hypothesis, the continuous supply of sugars in the rhizosphere along the years created a favorable environment for microbial growth which is reflected in a higher microbial biomass and enzymatic activity. Moreover, modification in the rhizosphere metabolome and lipidome over the years led to changes in the microbial community composition favoring the coexistence of more diverse microbial taxa, increasing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite the dominance of the perenniality effect, our data underlined that the OK72 line rhizobiome distinguished from the others by the increase in abundance of spp., most of which are known as potential beneficial microorganisms, identifying this line as a suitable candidate for the study and selection of new perennial wheat lines.
与一年生谷物相比，多年生谷物凭借其广泛的根系和永久性的土壤覆盖提供了各种生态系统服务。然而，关于多年生谷物根际的进化和多样化及其随时间的生态功能，人们了解甚少。在本研究中，使用了一套组学技术——宏基因组学、酶组学、代谢组学和脂质组学——来比较四个多年生小麦品系在生长第一年和第四年的根际环境，并与一年生硬粒小麦品种及其亲本物种进行比较。我们假设，小麦的多年生特性在塑造根际微生物群落组成、生物量、多样性和活性方面比植物基因型发挥着更大的作用，因为多年生特性会影响碳输入的质量和数量——主要是根系分泌物——从而调节植物与微生物之间的相互作用。为支持这一假设，多年来根际中糖的持续供应为微生物生长创造了有利环境，这体现在更高的微生物生物量和酶活性上。此外，多年来根际代谢组和脂质组的变化导致微生物群落组成发生变化，有利于更多样化的微生物类群共存，提高了植物对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。尽管多年生特性的影响占主导地位，但我们的数据强调，OK72品系的根际微生物群落与其他品系不同，其 spp. 的丰度增加，其中大多数被认为是潜在的有益微生物，这表明该品系是研究和选择新的多年生小麦品系的合适候选者。
