青少年表达灵活性的年龄和性别差异及其与抑郁症状的关联。
Age and gender differences in expressive flexibility and the association with depressive symptoms in adolescents.
作者信息
Zhang Shaohua, Liu Junsheng, Sang Biao, Zhao Yuyang
机构信息
School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, Shanghai, China.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2023 Apr 26;14:1185820. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185820. eCollection 2023.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated age and gender differences in the ability to flexibly enhance and suppress facial expressions according to situational demands, known as expressive flexibility (EF), as well as its relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents.
METHODS
The participants included 766 Chinese high school students aged between 12 and 18 years (mean age = 14.96 years, standard deviation = 2.04; 52.2% female). Data on EF and depressive symptoms were collected using self-report questionnaires.
RESULTS
Girls scored higher on enhancement abilities than boys, but with no significant gender difference in suppression abilities. There were also no significant age-related differences in enhancement and suppression abilities. Only enhancement ability was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The development of EF abilities was stable among adolescents, with varying effects in terms of gender, and the importance of EF and enhancement abilities in reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents was highlighted.
目的
本研究调查了青少年根据情境需求灵活增强和抑制面部表情的能力（即表达灵活性，EF）在年龄和性别上的差异，以及它与青少年抑郁症状的关系。
方法
参与者包括766名年龄在12至18岁之间的中国高中生（平均年龄 = 14.96岁，标准差 = 2.04；52.2%为女性）。使用自我报告问卷收集关于EF和抑郁症状的数据。
结果
女孩在增强能力方面的得分高于男孩，但在抑制能力上没有显著的性别差异。在增强和抑制能力方面也没有显著的年龄相关差异。只有增强能力与抑郁症状呈负相关。
结论
青少年的EF能力发展稳定，在性别方面有不同影响，并强调了EF和增强能力在减轻青少年抑郁症状方面的重要性。
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