Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität, 01069 Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Aug 15;456:131617. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131617. Epub 2023 May 11.
To carry out risk assessments of benzophenone-type UV filters (BPs), fast and accurate analytical methods are crucial to determine and monitor levels in the environment. This study presents an LC-MS/MS method that requires minimal sample preparation and yet can identify 10 different BPs in environmental samples such as surface or wastewater resulting in a LOQ range from 2 to 1060 ng/L. The method suitability was tested through environmental monitoring, which showed that, BP-4 is the most abundant derivative found in the surface waters of Germany, India, South Africa and Vietnam. BP-4 levels correlate with the WWTP effluent fraction of the respective river for selected samples in Germany. Peak values of 171 ng/L for 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BP), as measured in Vietnamese surface water, already exceed the PNEC value of 80 ng/L, elevating 4-OH-BP to the status of a new pollutant that needs more frequent monitoring. Moreover, this study reveals that during biodegradation of benzophenone in river water, the transformation product 4-OH-BP is formed which contain structural alerts for estrogenic activity. By using yeast-based reporter gene assays, this study provides bio-equivalents of 9 BPs, 4-OH-BP, 2,3,4-tri-OH-BP, 4-cresol and benzoate and complements the existing structure-activities relationships of BPs and their degradation products.
为了对二苯甲酮型紫外线滤光剂 (BPs) 进行风险评估，快速、准确的分析方法对于确定和监测环境中的水平至关重要。本研究提出了一种 LC-MS/MS 方法，该方法需要最少的样品制备，但仍能识别环境样品中的 10 种不同的 BPs，环境样品如表面水或废水的 LOQ 范围为 2 至 1060 ng/L。通过环境监测对方法适用性进行了测试，结果表明，BP-4 是在德国、印度、南非和越南的地表水 中发现的最丰富的衍生物。在德国，对于选定的样本，BP-4 水平与各自河流的 WWTP 出水部分相关。在越南地表水测量到的 4-羟基二苯甲酮 (4-OH-BP) 的峰值为 171 ng/L，已经超过了 80 ng/L 的 PNEC 值，使 4-OH-BP 成为需要更频繁监测的新污染物。此外，本研究表明，在河水中苯甲酮的生物降解过程中，会形成转化产物 4-OH-BP，其中含有雌激素活性的结构警报。通过使用酵母报告基因检测，本研究提供了 9 种 BP、4-OH-BP、2,3,4-三-OH-BP、4-甲酚和苯甲酸的生物等效物，并补充了 BP 及其降解产物的现有结构-活性关系。
