Human-Oriented Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
Environmental Health Sciences Department, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
Environ Res. 2023 Aug 15;231(Pt 2):116197. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116197. Epub 2023 May 22.
People are exposed to myriad of airborne pollutants in their homes. Owing to diverse potential sources of air pollution and human activity patterns, accurate assessment of residential exposures is complex. In this study, we explored the relationship between personal and stationary air pollutant measurements in residences of 37 participants working from home during the heating season. Stationary environmental monitors (SEMs) were located in the bedroom, living room or home office and personal exposure monitors (PEMs) were worn by the participants. SEMs and PEMs included both real-time sensors and passive samplers. During three consecutive weekdays, continuous data were obtained for particle number concentration (size range 0.3-10 μm), carbon dioxide (CO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), while passive samplers collected integrated measures of 36 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The personal cloud effect was detected in >80% of the participants for CO and >50% participants for PM. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that a single CO monitor placed in the bedroom efficiently represented personal exposure to CO (R = 0.90) and moderately so for PM (R = 0.55). Adding a second or third sensor in a residence did not lead to improved exposure estimates for CO, with only 6-9% improvement for particles. Selecting data from SEMs when participants were in the same room improved personal exposure estimates by 33% for CO and 5% for particles. Out of 36 detected VOCs and SVOCs, 13 had at least 50% higher concentrations in personal versus stationary samples. Findings from this study aid improved understanding of the complex dynamics of gaseous and particle pollutants and their sources in residences, and could support the development of refined procedures for residential air quality monitoring and inhalation exposure assessment.
人们在家中会接触到多种空气污染物。由于空气污染的潜在来源和人类活动模式多种多样，因此准确评估住宅暴露情况非常复杂。在这项研究中，我们探讨了 37 名在家工作的研究对象在供暖季期间其住宅内的个人和固定空气污染物测量值之间的关系。固定环境监测器（SEMs）位于卧室、客厅或家庭办公室内，而个人暴露监测器（PEMs）则由研究对象佩戴。SEMs 和 PEMs 既包括实时传感器，也包括被动采样器。在连续三个工作日内，连续获得了粒径范围为 0.3-10μm 的颗粒物数量浓度、二氧化碳（CO）和总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）的实时数据，而被动采样器则收集了 36 种挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs）的综合测量值。超过 80%的参与者出现了 CO 的个人云效应，超过 50%的参与者出现了 PM 的个人云效应。多元线性回归分析表明，在卧室内放置一个 CO 单一监测器可以有效地代表个人 CO 暴露情况（R=0.90），对 PM 的代表程度中等（R=0.55）。在住宅中增加第二个或第三个传感器并不会提高 CO 的暴露估计值，仅对颗粒物的暴露估计值提高了 6-9%。当参与者在同一房间时，选择 SEMs 中的数据可将 CO 的个人暴露估计值提高 33%，将颗粒物的个人暴露估计值提高 5%。在所检测到的 36 种 VOCs 和 SVOCs 中，有 13 种在个人样本中的浓度至少比固定样本高 50%。本研究的结果有助于更好地了解住宅内气态和颗粒物污染物及其来源的复杂动态，可为改进住宅空气质量监测和吸入暴露评估的程序提供支持。
