Fontané Laia, Pedro-Botet Juan, Garcia-Ribera Sonika, Climent Elisenda, Muns Maria D, Ballesta Silvia, Satorra Pau, Flores-Le Roux Juana A, Benaiges David
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Consorci Sanitari Alt Penedès-Garraf, Espirall, 61, E-08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim, 25-29, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim, 25-29, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari Mar. Dr. Aiguader, 80, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 80, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 Aug;33(8):1472-1480. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.014. Epub 2023 Apr 24.
The main objective was to assess if foods fortified with phytosterols (PS), including plant sterols and plant stanols, reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. The secondary objective was to determine the impact of different factors related to PS administration.
The search was carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases up to March 2023. The meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021236952). From a total of 223 studies, 125 were included. On average, PS lowered LDL-C 0.55 mmol/L [95% confidence interval (CI) = 10.82-12.67], and this decrease was significantly maintained for all analysed subgroups. A greater reduction in LDL-C levels was detected in relation to a higher daily PS dosage. The food format "Bread, biscuits, cereals", conditioned a lower decrease of 0.14 mmol/L (95%CI -8.71 to -2.16) in LDL-C levels, compared to the predominant food format group of "butter, margarine, spreads". No significant differences were detected with the other subgroups (treatment duration, intake pattern, number of daily intakes and concomitant statin treatment).
The present meta-analysis supported that the use of PS-fortified foods had a beneficial effect on LDL-C lowering. In addition, it was observed that the factors that influence a decline LDL-C levels were PS dose as well as the food format in which they were consumed.
主要目的是评估添加植物甾醇（PS，包括植物固醇和植物甾烷醇）的食物是否能降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）浓度。次要目的是确定与PS给药相关的不同因素的影响。
检索截至2023年3月的MEDLINE、EMBASE、科学网、Scopus和Cochrane对照试验中央注册库（CENTRAL）数据库。该荟萃分析已在PROSPERO数据库（CRD42021236952）中注册。总共223项研究中，纳入了125项。平均而言，PS使LDL-C降低0.55 mmol/L[95%置信区间（CI）=10.82-12.67]，并且在所有分析的亚组中，这种降低都显著持续。与每日较高的PS剂量相关，LDL-C水平有更大幅度的降低。与“黄油、人造黄油、涂抹酱”这一主要食物形式组相比，“面包、饼干、谷物”这种食物形式使LDL-C水平降低幅度较小，为0.14 mmol/L（95%CI -8.71至-2.16）。在其他亚组（治疗持续时间、摄入模式、每日摄入量次数和他汀类药物联合治疗）中未检测到显著差异。
本荟萃分析支持使用添加PS的食物对降低LDL-C有有益作用。此外，观察到影响LDL-C水平下降的因素是PS剂量以及食用它们的食物形式。
