School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
Feny Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410600, China.
Sci Rep. 2023 May 24;13(1):8361. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35254-w.
For some new mines, the utilization rate of tailings is not satisfactory when using unclassified tailings as backfill aggregate for cemented backfill. At the same time, with the progress of mineral processing technology, the tailings discharged by the concentrator gradually become finer. Therefore, cemented filling with fine-grained tailings as aggregate will become the development direction of filling technology in the future. In this paper, the feasibility of fine particle tailings backfill is studied by taking the particle tailings of-200 mesh as aggregate in Shaling gold mine. The calculation shows that the utilization rate of tailings is increased from 45.1% to 90.3% by using-200 mesh tailings as filling aggregate. The response surface central composite design method (RSM-CCD) was used to study the strength of backfill with alkali-activated cementitious material as binder by taking the mass concentration of backfill slurry and sand-binder ratio as input factors. The results show that the 28-day strength of the backfill with graded fine-grained tailings as filling aggregate can reach 5.41 MPa when the sand-binder ratio is 4, which can fully meet the needs of the mine for the strength of the backfill. The thickening test of-200 mesh fine particle tailings was carried out by static limit concentration test and dynamic thickening test. In the case of adding 35 g/t BASF 6920 non-ionic flocculant, the concentration of 64.74% tail mortar can reach 67.71% after 2 h of static thickening, and the concentration can reach 69.62% after 2 h of static thickening. The feeding speed of thickener should be controlled between 0.4 and 0.59 t/(m h). In this case, the underflow concentration of thickener is relatively high, which is 64.92-65.78%, and the solid content of overflow water is less than 164 ppm. The conventional full tailings thickening process was improved by using the design of high-efficiency deep cone thickener and vertical sand silo. The feasibility of fine-grained tailings as filling aggregate was demonstrated by combining the filling ratio test of fine-grained tailings, the data of thickening test and the improved thickening process. The research results can provide reference for other mines to use fine-grained tailings as filling aggregate to design filling system.
对于一些新矿山，在将未分级的尾矿用作胶结充填的充填骨料时，尾矿的利用率并不理想。同时，随着选矿技术的进步，选矿厂排出的尾矿逐渐变细。因此，以细粒尾矿作为骨料的胶结充填将成为未来充填技术的发展方向。本文以沙拉金矿-200 目粒级尾矿为骨料，研究了细粒尾矿回填的可行性。计算表明，采用-200 目尾矿作为充填骨料，尾矿利用率由 45.1%提高到 90.3%。采用碱激发胶凝材料作为胶结剂，采用填充料浆质量浓度和砂胶比作为输入因素，采用响应面中心复合设计法（RSM-CCD）研究了以分级细粒尾矿为充填骨料的回填体强度。结果表明，当砂胶比为 4 时，分级细粒尾矿作为充填骨料的回填体 28 天强度可达 5.41MPa，完全满足矿山对回填体强度的要求。通过静态极限浓度试验和动态增稠试验对-200 目细粒尾矿进行了增稠试验。在添加 35g/t BASF 6920 非离子絮凝剂的情况下，静态增稠 2h 后，64.74%尾砂浆浓度可达 67.71%，静态增稠 2h 后，浓度可达 69.62%。增稠机给料速度应控制在 0.4 ～ 0.59t/（m·h）之间。在这种情况下，增稠机底流浓度较高，为 64.92-65.78%，溢流水中的固体含量小于 164ppm。通过采用高效深锥浓密机和立式砂仓的设计，对常规全尾矿浓密工艺进行了改进。通过细粒尾矿充填率试验、增稠试验数据和改进的增稠工艺，论证了细粒尾矿作为充填骨料的可行性。研究结果可为其他矿山利用细粒尾矿作为充填骨料设计充填系统提供参考。
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