Freeland-Graves J H, Greninger S A, Graves G R, Young R K
J Am Diet Assoc. 1986 Jul;86(7):913-8.
Health practices, attitudes, and beliefs were studied in 150 vegetarians and 150 nonvegetarians matched for age and sex. A questionnaire was administered that included a medical history and questions concerning use of medications, recreational drugs, nutrition supplements, and alcohol; smoking habits; exercise; and relaxation activities. The questionnaire also included Likert scales on which the subjects rated themselves according to their knowledge and practice of nutrition and diet and their agreement or disagreement with statements concerning health. Vegetarians believed in visiting a physician when they were ill but were more willing to try alternative or unusual therapies and/or preventive treatments. Substances that are potentially harmful to the body, such as alcohol, tobacco, or prescription drugs, were used less frequently by vegetarians. Conversely, greater use was seen of substances that are thought to improve health. The area of greatest difference between the groups was in their attitudes and beliefs concerning health. Although the vegetarians believed that they as a group were healthier than nonvegetarians, the lack of differences in self-ratings of health and incidence of health problems suggest that that perception may not be true.
对150名素食者和150名年龄及性别相匹配的非素食者的健康行为、态度和信念进行了研究。发放了一份问卷，其中包括病史以及关于药物、消遣性药物、营养补充剂和酒精使用情况的问题；吸烟习惯；运动情况；以及放松活动情况。问卷还包括李克特量表，受试者根据自己在营养和饮食方面的知识与实践以及对有关健康陈述的同意或不同意程度对自己进行评分。素食者认为生病时应该去看医生，但更愿意尝试替代疗法或不寻常的疗法和/或预防性治疗。素食者较少使用对身体有潜在危害的物质，如酒精、烟草或处方药。相反，人们发现他们更多地使用那些被认为能改善健康的物质。两组之间差异最大的方面在于他们对健康的态度和信念。尽管素食者认为他们作为一个群体比非素食者更健康，但在健康自评和健康问题发生率方面缺乏差异表明这种认知可能并不正确。
