Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2023 Jan 3;101. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad167.
An experiment, using the same set of five diets was conducted to determine and compare the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in faba beans and three cultivars of field peas in broiler chickens and pigs. Four test diets were prepared to contain faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, Hampton field peas, or 4010 field peas as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet (NFD), as the fifth diet, was prepared to estimate the basal endogenous losses of AA to determine the SID of AA in the test ingredients. A total of 416 male broiler chickens with an initial body weight (BW) of 951 ± 111 g were allotted to five diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor on day 21 posthatching. There were 8 replicate cages with 10 birds per cage for diets containing test ingredients and 12 birds per cage for NFD. All birds were allowed ad-libitum access to feed for 5 days. On day 26 posthatching, all birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation and digesta contents were collected from the distal two-thirds of the ileum. Twenty barrows with an initial BW of 30.2 ± 1.58 kg, surgically fitted with T-cannulas in the distal ileum, were divided into four blocks according to BW and each block was assigned to a 5 × 2 incomplete Latin Square design that consisted of five dietary treatments and two experimental periods. For each experimental period, there was a 5-day adaptation period followed by a 2-day collection of ileal digesta samples. The data were analyzed as a 2 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement with the effect of species (i.e., broiler chickens and pigs) and test diets (i.e., four test ingredients). For broiler chickens, the SID of Lys in faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, and Hampton field peas were above 90% but in 4010 field peas, it was 85.1%. The SID of Lys in faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, and Hampton field peas for pigs was above 80% but was 78.9% in 4010 field peas. The respective SID of Met in faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, Hampton field peas, and 4010 field peas were 84.1%, 87.3%, 89.8%, and 72.1% for broiler chickens, and 71.5%, 80.4%, 81.8%, and 68.1% for pigs. The SID of AA in 4010 field peas was the least (P < 0.05) for chickens, but in pigs, it was comparable with faba beans. In conclusion, the SID of AA in faba beans and field peas was greater in broiler chickens compared with pigs and there was a cultivar effect.
一项实验使用了相同的五组饮食，旨在确定和比较豆科作物蚕豆和三种田间豌豆品种在肉鸡和猪中的氨基酸（AA）的标准回肠消化率（SID）。制备了四种测试饮食，分别以蚕豆、DS-海军上将田间豌豆、汉普顿田间豌豆或 4010 田间豌豆作为唯一氮源。准备了无氮饮食（NFD）作为第五种饮食，以估计 AA 的基础内源性损失，从而确定测试成分中 AA 的 SID。共有 416 只体重为 951 ± 111 克的雄性肉鸡在孵化后第 21 天被随机分配到五种饮食中，体重作为分组因素。对于含有测试成分的饮食，每个饮食有 8 个重复笼，每个笼中有 10 只鸡，对于 NFD，每个笼中有 12 只鸡。所有鸡都可以自由采食饲料 5 天。孵化后第 26 天，所有鸡通过 CO2 窒息安乐死，从回肠的远端三分之二收集食糜内容物。20 头体重为 30.2 ± 1.58 公斤的去势公猪，在回肠远端通过手术安装 T 型套管，根据体重分为四个块，每个块都分配到一个由五种饮食处理和两个实验期组成的 5×2 不完全拉丁方设计。对于每个实验期，有一个 5 天的适应期，随后是 2 天的回肠食糜样本收集期。数据作为具有物种（即肉鸡和猪）和测试饮食（即四种测试成分）影响的 2×4 因子处理安排进行分析。对于肉鸡，蚕豆、DS-海军上将田间豌豆和汉普顿田间豌豆中 Lys 的 SID 均高于 90%，但在 4010 田间豌豆中为 85.1%。蚕豆、DS-海军上将田间豌豆和汉普顿田间豌豆中 Lys 的 SID 对猪的影响高于 80%，但在 4010 田间豌豆中为 78.9%。蚕豆、DS-海军上将田间豌豆、汉普顿田间豌豆和 4010 田间豌豆中 Met 的各自 SID 分别为 84.1%、87.3%、89.8%和 72.1%，4010 田间豌豆为 71.5%、80.4%、81.8%和 68.1%，4010 田间豌豆为 71.5%、80.4%、81.8%和 68.1%。4010 田间豌豆中 AA 的 SID 对鸡来说最低（P<0.05），但对猪来说，它与蚕豆相当。总之，蚕豆和田间豌豆中 AA 的 SID 在肉鸡中高于猪，且存在品种效应。
