Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 May;34(5):1349-1359. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.023.
Uncovering the ecological effectiveness of nature reserve policies will help protect and manage nature reserves in the future. Taking Sanjiangyuan region as an example, we examined the impacts of the spatial layout characteristics of natural reserves on the ecological environment quality by constructing the dynamic degree of land use and land cover change index, and depicted the spatial differences of the ecological effectiveness of natural reserve policies both inside and outside the natural reserves. Combined with ordinary least squares and field survey results, we explored the influencing mechanism of nature reserve policies on ecological environment quality. The results showed that the ecological quality of the whole region of Sanjiangyuan had been improved significantly since the implementation of the nature reserve policies, and that the transformation of unused land into ecological land was the most important type of land use change for the ecological environment quality improvement. The ecological effectiveness of large-scale nature reserves with concentrated and contiguous distribution was obvious, while the ecological effectiveness of small-scale nature reserves with scattered distribution and close to the administrative boundaries was relatively small. Although the ecological effectiveness of nature reserves was better than that of non-reserved areas, the ecological improvement of nature reserves and the surrounding areas was synchronous. The nature reserve policy had significantly improved ecological environment quality by implementing ecological protection and restoration projects in nature reserves. Meanwhile, it had alleviated the pressure of farmers and herdsmen's activities on the ecological environment by taking measures such as grazing restriction and guiding conversion of industry and production. In the future, we should promote the construction of ecosystem integrity protection network system with National Park as the core, strengthen the integrated protection and linkage management of National Park and surrounding areas, and help farmers and herdsmen further broaden their livelihoods.
揭示自然保护区政策的生态有效性将有助于未来保护和管理自然保护区。以三江源地区为例，我们通过构建土地利用和土地覆盖变化动态度指数，考察了自然保护区的空间布局特征对生态环境质量的影响，并描绘了自然保护区内外自然保护区政策生态有效性的空间差异。结合普通最小二乘法和实地调查结果，探讨了自然保护区政策对生态环境质量的影响机制。结果表明，自自然保护区政策实施以来，三江源地区的整体生态质量得到了显著改善，未利用土地向生态用地的转化是生态环境质量改善的最重要的土地利用变化类型。集中连片分布的大规模自然保护区的生态有效性明显，而分布分散、靠近行政边界的小规模自然保护区的生态有效性相对较小。虽然自然保护区的生态有效性优于非保护区，但保护区及其周边地区的生态改善是同步的。自然保护区政策通过在自然保护区内实施生态保护和恢复项目，显著改善了生态环境质量。同时，通过限制放牧和引导产业和生产转型等措施，减轻了农牧民活动对生态环境的压力。未来，我们应以国家公园为核心，推进生态系统完整性保护网络体系建设，加强国家公园及周边地区的综合保护和联动管理，帮助农牧民进一步拓宽生计。
