Walla Peter, Külzer Dimitrios, Leeb Annika, Moidl Lena, Kalt Stefan
Freud CanBeLab, Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud Platz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria.
Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud Platz 3, 1020 Vienna, Austria.
Brain Sci. 2023 May 21;13(5):831. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13050831.
Especially for young people, influencers and other celebrities followed on social media evoke affective closeness that in their young minds seems real even though it is fake. Such fake friendships are potentially problematic because of their felt reality on the consumer side while lacking any inversely felt true closeness. The question arises if the unilateral friendship of a social media user is equal or at least similar to real reciprocal friendship. Instead of asking social media users for explicit responses (conscious deliberation), the present exploratory study aimed to answer this question with the help of brain imaging technology. Thirty young participants were first invited to provide individual lists including (i) twenty names of their most followed and loved influencers or other celebrities (fake friend names), (ii) twenty names of loved real friends and relatives (real friend names) as well as (iii) twenty names they do not feel any closeness to (no friend names). They then came to the Freud CanBeLab (Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience and Behavior Lab) where they were shown their selected names in a random sequence (two rounds), while their brain activities were recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) and later calculated into event-related potentials (ERPs). We found short (ca. 100 ms) left frontal brain activity starting at around 250 ms post-stimulus to process real friend and no friend names similarly, while both ERPs differed from those elicited by fake friend names. This is followed by a longer effect (ca. 400 ms), where left and right frontal and temporoparietal ERPs also differed between fake and real friend names, but at this later processing stage, no friend names elicited similar brain activities to fake friend names in those regions. In general, real friend names elicited the most negative going brain potentials (interpreted as highest brain activation levels). These exploratory findings represent objective empirical evidence that the human brain clearly distinguishes between influencers or other celebrities and close people out of real life even though subjective feelings of closeness and trust can be similar. In summary, brain imaging shows there is nothing like a real friend. The findings of this study might be seen as a starting point for future studies using ERPs to investigate social media impact and topics such as fake friendship.
尤其对于年轻人来说,在社交媒体上关注的有影响力的人及其他名人会引发情感上的亲近感,在他们年轻的头脑中,这种亲近感即便虚假却看似真实。这种虚假的友谊可能存在问题,因为从消费者角度来看它给人真实的感觉,却缺乏任何能让对方也感受到的真正亲密感。于是问题来了,社交媒体用户的单方面友谊是否等同于或至少类似于真正的相互友谊。本探索性研究并非通过询问社交媒体用户的明确回应(有意识的思考)来回答这个问题,而是借助脑成像技术来解答。30名年轻参与者首先被邀请提供个人名单,包括:(i)他们最常关注和喜爱的有影响力的人或其他名人的20个名字(虚假朋友名字),(ii)20个所爱的真实朋友和亲戚的名字(真实朋友名字),以及(iii)20个他们对其没有任何亲近感的名字(非朋友名字)。然后他们来到弗洛伊德认知与情感神经科学及行为实验室(Freud CanBeLab),在那里他们会以随机顺序看到自己选择的名字(两轮),同时通过脑电图(EEG)记录他们的大脑活动,随后将其计算为事件相关电位(ERP)。我们发现,在刺激后约250毫秒开始出现短暂的(约100毫秒)左额叶脑活动,对真实朋友和非朋友名字的处理方式类似,而这两种ERP与虚假朋友名字引发的ERP不同。随后是一个更长时间的效应(约400毫秒),此时左、右额叶以及颞顶叶的ERP在虚假朋友和真实朋友名字之间也存在差异,但在这个较晚的处理阶段,非朋友名字在这些区域引发的大脑活动与虚假朋友名字类似。总体而言,真实朋友名字引发的大脑电位最负(被解释为大脑激活水平最高)。这些探索性发现提供了客观的经验证据,表明人类大脑能清晰区分有影响力的人或其他名人与现实生活中的亲密之人,尽管亲密感和信任的主观感受可能相似。总之,脑成像显示没有什么能比得上真正的朋友。本研究结果可被视为未来使用ERP研究社交媒体影响及虚假友谊等主题的研究起点。