Wang Yuan, Jiang Hanhui, Yu Lin, Gao Zixiang, Liu Wei, Mei Qichang, Gu Yaodong
Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 May 13;11(10):1418. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11101418.
Children's footwear plays an important role in the healthy growth of foot and gait development during the growing stage. This review aims to synthesize findings of previous investigations and to explore the biomechanical influences of different types of children's footwear on foot health and gait development, thus guiding the healthy and safe growth of children's feet and gait. Online databases were searched for potential eligible articles, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. In total, nineteen articles were identified after searching based on the inclusion requirements. The following five aspects of biomechanical parameters were identified in the literature, including spatiotemporal, kinematics, kinetics, electromyography (EMG), and plantar pressure distribution. Children's footwear can affect their foot health and gait performance. In addition, children's shoes with different flexibility and sole hardness have different effects on children's feet and gait development. Compared to barefoot, the stride length, step length, stride time, and step time were increased, but cadence was decreased with wearing shoes. Furthermore, the support base and toe-off time increased. Double support time and stance time increased, but single support time decreased. The hip, knee, and ankle joints showed increased range of motion in children with the rear-foot strike with larger ground reaction force as well. Future studies may need to evaluate the influence of footwear types on gait performance of children in different age groups. Findings in this study may provide recommendations for suitable footwear types for different ages, achieving the aim of growth and development in a healthy and safe manner.
儿童鞋在生长阶段足部的健康发育和步态发展中起着重要作用。本综述旨在综合以往研究的结果，探讨不同类型儿童鞋对足部健康和步态发展的生物力学影响，从而指导儿童足部和步态的健康安全成长。通过检索在线数据库查找潜在的符合条件的文章，包括科学网、谷歌学术和PubMed。根据纳入要求进行检索后，共确定了19篇文章。文献中确定了生物力学参数的以下五个方面，包括时空参数、运动学、动力学、肌电图（EMG）和足底压力分布。儿童鞋会影响他们的足部健康和步态表现。此外，具有不同柔韧性和鞋底硬度的儿童鞋对儿童足部和步态发展有不同影响。与赤脚相比，穿鞋时步幅长度、步长、步幅时间和步时增加，但步频降低。此外，支撑基底和离地时间增加。双支撑时间和站立时间增加，但单支撑时间减少。后足着地的儿童中，髋、膝和踝关节的活动范围也增加，地面反作用力也更大。未来的研究可能需要评估鞋类类型对不同年龄组儿童步态表现的影响。本研究的结果可为不同年龄段选择合适的鞋类提供建议，以健康安全的方式实现生长发育目标。
