IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, Italy.
Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2023 May 27;13(1):8613. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35530-9.
EXecutive-functions Innovative Tool 360° (EXIT 360°) is an original 360° instrument for an ecologically valid and multicomponent evaluation of executive functioning. This work aimed to test the diagnostic efficacy of EXIT 360° in distinguishing executive functioning between healthy controls (HC) and patients with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD), a neurodegenerative disease in which executive dysfunction is the best-defined cognitive impairment in the early stage. 36 PwPD and 44 HC underwent a one-session evaluation that involved (1) neuropsychological evaluation of executive functionality using traditional paper-and-pencil tests, (2) EXIT 360° session and (3) usability assessment. Our findings revealed that PwPD made significantly more errors in completing EXIT 360° and took longer to conclude the test. A significant correlation appeared between neuropsychological tests and EXIT 360° scores, supporting a good convergent validity. Classification analysis indicated the potential of the EXIT 360° for distinguishing between PwPD and HC in terms of executive functioning. Moreover, indices from EXIT 360° showed higher diagnostic accuracy in predicting PD group membership compared to traditional neuropsychological tests. Interestingly, EXIT 360° performance was not affected by technological usability issues. Overall, this study offers evidence that EXIT 360° can be considered an ecological tool highly sensitive to detect subtle executive deficits in PwPD since the initial phases of the disease.
执行功能创新工具 360°(EXIT 360°)是一种用于执行功能进行生态有效和多成分评估的原创 360°工具。本研究旨在测试 EXIT 360°在区分健康对照组(HC)和帕金森病患者(PwPD)之间执行功能的诊断效果,在这种神经退行性疾病中,执行功能障碍是早期最明确的认知障碍。36 名 PwPD 和 44 名 HC 接受了一次评估,包括(1)使用传统纸笔测试对执行功能进行神经心理学评估,(2)进行 EXIT 360°测试,(3)评估可用性。我们的研究结果显示,PwPD 在完成 EXIT 360°测试时犯的错误明显更多,完成测试所需的时间也更长。神经心理学测试和 EXIT 360°评分之间存在显著相关性,支持良好的收敛效度。分类分析表明,EXIT 360°具有区分 PwPD 和 HC 执行功能的潜力。此外,与传统神经心理学测试相比,EXIT 360°指标在预测 PD 组归属方面具有更高的诊断准确性。有趣的是,EXIT 360°的表现不受技术可用性问题的影响。总的来说,这项研究表明,EXIT 360°可以被认为是一种生态工具,高度敏感,可以在疾病的初始阶段检测到 PwPD 患者的细微执行功能缺陷。