Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Dec;45(12):9411-9432. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01606-8. Epub 2023 May 28.
In the present study, in order to improve the growth performance of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth., Local landrace from Ardabil, Iran) seedlings grown in the soil contaminated with heavy metals Pb and Zn, our attention was directed toward the application of biochar, inoculation with conidial suspension of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai-T22 and management of phosphorus (P) nutrition. Heavy metal toxicity reduced leaf greenness, membrane stability index, maximum quantum yield of PSΙΙ (Fv/Fm), P concentration and uptake in plant tissues and root and shoot biomass, but increased Pb and Zn concentration and uptake in root and leaf, HO and malondialdehyde content and CAT and POX activity in the leaves. The application of biochar, inoculation with Trichoderma fungus and P supplementation increased the shoot P content, which might contribute to the alleviation of P insufficiency and a subsequent elevation in P transfer to aboveground biomass, and eliminated the toxicity of heavy metal on hairy vetch plants, which was revealed in reducing oxidative stress and enhancing plant growth performance. The biochar considerably increased Zn immobilization, while being able to slightly stabilize Pb. Co-application of Trichoderma and 22 mg P/kg soil (22P) increased the concentration and uptake of Zn in the roots and decreased the translocation of this element to the shoots, especially when biochar was not amended. Although the biochar and P inputs could compensate the negative Trichoderma effects, the results suggested that biochar application in combination with fungal inoculation and 22-P supplementation could not only increase hairy vetch growth performance but also decline heavy metal uptake to ensure the production of a forage crop in soils polluted with heavy metals based on the nutritional standards of livestock.
在本研究中，为了提高在重金属 Pb 和 Zn 污染土壤中生长的毛野豌豆（Vicia villosa Roth.，来自伊朗阿尔达比勒的地方品种）幼苗的生长性能，我们将注意力集中在生物炭的应用、哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum Rifai-T22）孢子悬浮液的接种以及磷（P）营养管理上。重金属毒性降低了叶片的绿色度、膜稳定性指数、PSΙΙ 的最大量子产量（Fv/Fm）、植物组织和根、茎生物量中的 P 浓度和吸收、叶片中的 HO 和丙二醛含量以及 CAT 和 POX 活性，但增加了根和叶中的 Pb 和 Zn 浓度和吸收。生物炭的应用、木霉接种和 P 补充增加了地上部的 P 含量，这可能有助于缓解 P 不足，并随后提高 P 向地上生物量的转移，并消除重金属对毛野豌豆植物的毒性，这表现在降低氧化应激和增强植物生长性能上。生物炭能显著固定 Zn，而对 Pb 的固定作用则较弱。哈茨木霉和 22mg P/kg 土壤（22P）的共同施用增加了根中 Zn 的浓度和吸收，减少了该元素向地上部的转运，尤其是在没有添加生物炭的情况下。虽然生物炭和 P 的投入可以补偿木霉的负面效应，但结果表明，生物炭的应用与真菌接种和 22-P 补充相结合，不仅可以提高毛野豌豆的生长性能，还可以降低重金属的吸收，以确保在重金属污染的土壤中生产出符合家畜营养标准的饲料作物。
