Equine Sports Medicine Consultants, Newark, Delaware, USA.
New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
Equine Vet J. 2024 Jan;56(1):59-68. doi: 10.1111/evj.13948. Epub 2023 May 30.
Injuries and sudden death during the cross-country (XC) phase of eventing have raised interest in the frequency and types of cardiac arrhythmias occurring in these equine athletes.
To characterise the frequency and types of rhythm disturbances and examine possible risk factors for premature depolarisations (PDs) occurring during the XC phase of United States Eventing Association (USEA) and Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI)-sanctioned events.
Prospective, cross-sectional study.
Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings were obtained from horses prior to, during and immediately following the XC competition. Physiological rhythms pre-XC were included in the arrhythmia group for analysis. The frequency of PDs was calculated for all horses, as well as by division. PDs were categorised by complexity (singles, couplets, triplets, complex) and variably grouped for statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for the presence of specific cardiac arrhythmia groupings during XC.
PDs were identified in 42/75 horses (56% [45, 67]) during XC. Horses competing in the upper divisions of eventing had higher odds for having any PD during XC compared to the lower divisions (OR = 17.5 [4.3, 72.01], p = 0.006). The amount of time the heart rate (HR) was greater than 199 beats per minute (BPM) was associated with more complex arrhythmias (triplets, salvos and tachyarrhythmias) (OR = 1.01 [1.0, 1.02], p = 0.005). An arrhythmia at rest (physiological or PD) was associated with arrhythmia in the early recovery period (OR = 3.5 [1.1, 10.8], p = 0.03).
Convenience sampling and technical challenges of continuous ECG recordings under competition settings limited the number of enrollments.
PDs were seen in a high percentage of horses during the XC competition. Upper levels and time the HR was greater than 199 BPM were related to PD presence and complexity.
越野赛（XC）阶段的受伤和猝死引起了人们对这些马术运动员出现的心律失常的频率和类型的兴趣。
描述节律紊乱的频率和类型，并检查在美国马术协会（USEA）和国际马术联合会（FEI）批准的赛事 XC 阶段发生早期去极化（PD）的可能危险因素。
前瞻性、横断面研究。
在 XC 比赛前、比赛中和比赛后立即从马身上获得连续心电图（ECG）记录。XC 前的生理节律被纳入心律失常组进行分析。计算了所有马和分组的 PD 频率，并根据复杂性（单、双、三、复杂）进行了分类，并为统计分析进行了可变分组。多因素逻辑回归用于确定 XC 期间特定心律失常分组存在的危险因素。
在 75 匹马中，42 匹（56%[45,67]）在 XC 期间出现 PD。与低级别组相比，参加高级别比赛的马在 XC 期间发生任何 PD 的可能性更高（OR=17.5[4.3,72.01]，p=0.006）。心率（HR）大于 199 次/分钟（BPM）的时间与更复杂的心律失常（三联、连发和心动过速性心律失常）相关（OR=1.01[1.0,1.02]，p=0.005）。休息时的心律失常（生理或 PD）与早期恢复期的心律失常相关（OR=3.5[1.1,10.8]，p=0.03）。
连续 ECG 记录在比赛环境下的便利性采样和技术挑战限制了入组数量。
在 XC 比赛中，很大一部分马出现 PD。高水平和 HR 大于 199 BPM 的时间与 PD 的存在和复杂性有关。
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