Buhl R, Meldgaard C, Barbesgaard L
Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 2010 Nov(38):196-201. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00185.x.
Electrocardiographic reference values of clinically normal horses during exercise are a prerequisite when evaluating horses with poor performance or horses presented with cardiac abnormalities (e.g. valvular regurgitation). No published studies have reported cardiac rhythms of clinically normal showjumping horses.
To demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) in normal horses during showjumping and also to document the prevalence and frequency of arrhythmias in association with exercise.
Thirty-four healthy showjumping horses aged 4-13 years (mean 7.5 years) underwent clinical examination and resting echocardiography. Modified chest lead ECG examinations were performed during rest, during a standardised showjumping course, as well as for the following 45 min recovery. All ECG recordings were analysed for presence and frequency of arrhythmias.
Six horses (17%) were excluded due to ECG recordings of poor diagnostic quality. Echocardiography demonstrated that 11 (39%) horses had one or more mild or moderate valvular regurgitations, but no associations were found between valvular regurgitation and arrhythmias. Supraventricular premature complexes (SVPCs) were found in 9 (32%) horses at rest, 25 (89%) during exercise and 15 (54%) during recovery. Only few arrhythmias occurred in each horse (<9 SVPCs/horse); however, one horse had 13 single SVPCs during exercise and another developed 41 SVPCs during recovery. SVPCs occurred typically at low HR (40-98 beats/min). Ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) was demonstrated in 5 (18%) horses during exercise and 2 (7%) during recovery, with <2 VPCs/horse.
It is possible to obtain good quality ECG during showjumping. Reference values for normal performing showjumping horses are presented for the first time and showed a high prevalence of SVPCs both during and after exercise, but few VPCs.
Normal reference values enable future studies of cardiac function in showjumping horses presented with poor performance and provide valuable information for veterinary practitioners in the field.
在评估表现不佳的马匹或出现心脏异常（如瓣膜反流）的马匹时，临床正常马匹运动时的心电图参考值是一项前提条件。尚无已发表的研究报道过临床正常的场地障碍赛马匹的心律情况。
证明在正常马匹进行场地障碍赛期间获取运动心电图（ECG）的可行性，并记录与运动相关的心律失常的发生率和频率。
对34匹年龄在4至13岁（平均7.5岁）的健康场地障碍赛马匹进行临床检查和静息超声心动图检查。在休息期间、标准化场地障碍赛过程中以及随后45分钟的恢复过程中进行改良胸导联心电图检查。分析所有心电图记录，以确定心律失常的存在和频率。
6匹马（17%）因心电图记录诊断质量差而被排除。超声心动图显示，11匹马（39%）有一处或多处轻度或中度瓣膜反流，但未发现瓣膜反流与心律失常之间存在关联。在休息时，9匹马（32%）出现室上性早搏复合体（SVPCs）；运动期间，25匹马（89%）出现；恢复期间，15匹马（54%）出现。每匹马出现的心律失常很少（<9次SVPCs/匹马）；然而，一匹马在运动期间出现13次单发SVPCs，另一匹马在恢复期间出现41次SVPCs。SVPCs通常发生在低心率（40 - 98次/分钟）时。5匹马（18%）在运动期间出现室性早搏复合体（VPCs），2匹马（7%）在恢复期间出现，每匹马<2次VPCs。
在场地障碍赛期间有可能获得高质量的心电图。首次给出了正常表现的场地障碍赛马匹的参考值，结果显示运动期间和运动后SVPCs的发生率很高，但VPCs很少。
正常参考值有助于未来对表现不佳的场地障碍赛马匹的心脏功能进行研究，并为该领域的兽医从业者提供有价值的信息。
