Scorcelletti Matteo, Zange Jochen, Böcker Jonas, Sies Wolfram, Lau Patrick, Mittag Uwe, Reeves Neil D, Ireland Alex, Rittweger Jörn
Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Front Physiol. 2023 May 4;14:1150562. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1150562. eCollection 2023.
Features of lower limb bone geometry are associated with movement kinematics and clinical outcomes including fractures and osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is important to identify their determinants. Lower limb geometry changes dramatically during development, partly due to adaptation to the forces experienced during physical activity. However, the effects of adulthood physical activity on lower limb geometry, and subsequent associations with muscle function are relatively unexplored. 43 adult males were recruited; 10 young (20-35 years) trained i.e., regional to world-class athletes, 12 young sedentary, 10 older (60-75 years) trained and 11 older sedentary. Skeletal hip and lower limb geometry including acetabular coverage and version angle, total and regional femoral torsion, femoral and tibial lateral and frontal bowing, and frontal plane lower limb alignment were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Muscle function was assessed recording peak power and force of jumping and hopping using mechanography. Associations between age, training status and geometry were assessed using multiple linear regression, whilst associations between geometry and muscle function were assessed by linear mixed effects models with adjustment for age and training. Trained individuals had 2° (95% CI:0.6°-3.8°; = 0.009) higher femoral frontal bowing and older individuals had 2.2° (95% CI:0.8°-3.7°; = 0.005) greater lateral bowing. An age-by-training interaction indicated 4° (95% CI:1.4°-7.1°; = 0.005) greater acetabular version angle in younger trained individuals only. Lower limb geometry was not associated with muscle function ( > 0.05). The ability to alter skeletal geometry via exercise in adulthood appears limited, especially in epiphyseal regions. Furthermore, lower limb geometry does not appear to be associated with muscle function.
下肢骨骼几何特征与运动学以及包括骨折和骨关节炎在内的临床结果相关。因此，确定其决定因素很重要。下肢几何形状在发育过程中会发生显著变化，部分原因是对体育活动中所受力量的适应。然而，成年期体育活动对下肢几何形状的影响以及随后与肌肉功能的关联相对尚未得到充分研究。招募了43名成年男性；10名年轻（20 - 35岁）受过训练的，即从地区级到世界级的运动员，12名年轻久坐不动者，10名年长（60 - 75岁）受过训练的以及11名年长久坐不动者。使用磁共振成像评估骨骼髋部和下肢几何形状，包括髋臼覆盖率和前倾角、全股骨和局部股骨扭转、股骨和胫骨的外侧和额侧弓形以及额面下肢对线。使用力学描记法记录跳跃和单脚跳的峰值功率和力量来评估肌肉功能。使用多元线性回归评估年龄、训练状态与几何形状之间的关联，而几何形状与肌肉功能之间的关联通过对年龄和训练进行调整的线性混合效应模型进行评估。受过训练的个体股骨额侧弓形高2°（95%置信区间：0.6° - 3.8°；P = 0.009），年长个体外侧弓形大2.2°（95%置信区间：0.8° - 3.7°；P = 0.005）。年龄与训练的交互作用表明仅在年轻受过训练的个体中髋臼前倾角大4°（95%置信区间：1.4° - 7.1°；P = 0.005）。下肢几何形状与肌肉功能无关（P > 0.05）。在成年期通过运动改变骨骼几何形状的能力似乎有限，尤其是在骨骺区域。此外，下肢几何形状似乎与肌肉功能无关。
