Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR, USA.
Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Nov;315(9):2505-2511. doi: 10.1007/s00403-023-02640-3. Epub 2023 May 31.
Port-Wine Stains are a congenital vascular malformation that affect 0.3-0.5% of newborns. It is a benign capillary malformation that commonly occurs on the head and neck. It is formed by progressive dilation of the post-capillary venules, and as the patient ages it may be associated with hypertrophy and nodularity which can lead to cosmetic disfigurement and psychological aggravation. There are many choices of treatment such as cryosurgery, cosmetic tattooing, and dermabrasion, amongst others. The treatment of choice is pulse dye laser (PDL) because it is both effective and safe to use. In darker skin types (Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI), treatment is more difficult. Caution when treating darker skin types with PDL comes from the fact that there is an inverse correlation between vessel specificity of the PDL and skin pigmentation. In this review, we will be reviewing the literature and discussing the manuscripts that describe the treatment of PWS on patients with fitzpatrick skin type IV-VI. Authors searched the PubMed Medline in the English language from database inception through December 2022 for eligible articles. The keywords searched included "PDL," "pulse dye laser," "skin of color," "Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI," "fitzpatrick," "pigmented skin," "Port-wine stain," "PWS", and "pulse dye laser." The articles that were included discussed PDL in the treatment of PWS in patients of skin of color. Any additional similar articles that were cited in our search were also included. Articles that were excluded did not discuss Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI, darker skin type, or PDL. Data collected from each article included the number of participants, Fitzpatrick skin type, age, and laser parameters. There were 120 articles that were reviewed from our search and a total of nine articles met inclusion criteria with 241 patients that were considered Fitzpatrick skin type IV-VI. The patients were of a wide range of ages from 1 month to 74 years old. In our review, patients who are treated at a younger age had better results than when treated at an older age. The results show that darker skin individuals have better results when treated at a younger age compared to adults, they can experience complete resolution. Adults who were treated saw a variation of results, from improvements in the appearance to hyperpigmentation/hypopigmentation or scarring of the treated area. Patients who are Fitzpatrick skin type IV-VI are at higher risk of adverse events when treated with PDL for PWS when compared to patients of other skin types. Studies show that PDL can be beneficial for PWS in patients of skin of color; however, there are risks of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and scarring that are important to take into consideration when treating these patients. Further research is warranted to improve the understanding of PDL for PWS in patients of skin of color.
葡萄酒色斑是一种先天性血管畸形,影响 0.3-0.5%的新生儿。它是一种常见于头部和颈部的良性毛细血管畸形。它是由毛细血管后微静脉的进行性扩张形成的,随着患者年龄的增长,可能会出现肥大和结节,导致美容畸形和心理恶化。有许多治疗选择,如冷冻疗法、美容纹身和磨皮术等。首选的治疗方法是脉冲染料激光(PDL),因为它既有效又安全。在较深肤色(Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型 IV-VI)中,治疗更为困难。在使用 PDL 治疗较深肤色时要小心,因为 PDL 的血管特异性与皮肤色素沉着之间存在反比关系。在这篇综述中,我们将回顾文献,并讨论描述 PDL 治疗 Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型 IV-VI 患者葡萄酒色斑的文献。作者在 2022 年 12 月前在英文 PubMed Medline 数据库中搜索了符合条件的文章。搜索的关键词包括“PDL”、“脉冲染料激光”、“有色皮肤”、“Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型 IV-VI”、“Fitzpatrick”、“色素沉着皮肤”、“葡萄酒色斑”、“PWS”和“脉冲染料激光”。纳入的文章讨论了 PDL 在治疗色素性皮肤患者葡萄酒色斑中的应用。我们的搜索中还包括了任何类似的额外文章。排除的文章没有讨论 Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型 IV-VI、较深肤色或 PDL。从每篇文章中收集的数据包括参与者数量、Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型、年龄和激光参数。从我们的搜索中,有 120 篇文章被审查,共有 9 篇文章符合纳入标准,共有 241 例患者被认为是 Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型 IV-VI。患者年龄从 1 个月到 74 岁不等。在我们的综述中,年龄较小的患者治疗效果优于年龄较大的患者。结果表明,与成年人相比,较年轻的深色皮肤个体治疗效果更好,他们可以完全消退。接受治疗的成年人的治疗结果有所不同,从外观改善到色素沉着过度/色素减退或治疗区域的疤痕。与其他皮肤类型的患者相比,Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型 IV-VI 的患者在接受 PDL 治疗葡萄酒色斑时发生不良事件的风险更高。研究表明,PDL 对色素性皮肤患者的葡萄酒色斑有益,但在治疗这些患者时,需要考虑色素沉着过度、色素减退和疤痕形成等风险。有必要进一步研究以提高对色素性皮肤患者 PDL 治疗葡萄酒色斑的认识。
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