Hokkaido University.
Biomed Res. 2023;44(3):81-95. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.44.81.
Gastrin and CCK (cholecystokinin), gut hormones first secreted after postprandial stages, share the C-terminal amino acids and some types of receptors to be stimulated. Both types of hormone-secreting cells are typical open-type cells which detect foods and their digested elements in the lumen and regulate the secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, gut motility, and satiety. Gastrin cell granules are characterized by their heterogenous ultrastructure within the cell, while CCK cell granules show a uniform ultrastructural figure. Gastrin cells are equipped with peptone receptor GPR92, amino acid receptor GPRC6A, and a Ca-sensing receptor. In addition to nutrient receptors, the release of CCK is regulated by a unique negative feedback mechanism. Development of an antibody for CCK-specific receptor (CCK-1R) has revealed its exact localization throughout the body, but specific antibodies against CCK-2R remain unavailable. Gastrin affects differentiation and proliferation-including cancer cells, while CCK possesses trophic effects to target tissues. CCK is a peripheral satiety signal and acts either via the vagus or directly on the dorsal medulla via CCK-1R. In this review, endocrine cells secreting these unique and so-called old gut hormones are described on a morphological basis.
胃泌素和 CCK（胆囊收缩素）是餐后首先分泌的肠道激素，它们共享 C 末端氨基酸和一些受刺激的受体类型。这两种激素分泌细胞都是典型的开放型细胞，它们可以在腔道中检测到食物及其消化成分，并调节胃酸和消化酶的分泌、肠道蠕动和饱腹感。胃泌素细胞颗粒的特点是细胞内存在异质的超微结构，而 CCK 细胞颗粒则表现出均匀的超微结构。胃泌素细胞配备有肽受体 GPR92、氨基酸受体 GPRC6A 和钙敏感受体。除了营养受体外，CCK 的释放还受到独特的负反馈机制的调节。针对 CCK 特异性受体（CCK-1R）的抗体的开发揭示了其在全身的确切定位，但针对 CCK-2R 的特异性抗体仍然不可用。胃泌素影响分化和增殖，包括癌细胞，而 CCK 对靶组织具有营养作用。CCK 是外周性饱腹感信号，通过 CCK-1R 通过迷走神经或直接作用于背侧延髓来发挥作用。在这篇综述中，描述了这些独特的、所谓的旧肠道激素分泌的内分泌细胞在形态学基础上的功能。
