Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Business Administration, School of Business & Economics, Manarat International University, -1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jul;30(31):77729-77741. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27590-1. Epub 2023 Jun 1.
This study examines how "information and communication technology (ICT)" affects carbon dioxide (CO) emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations asymmetrically, controlling energy consumption, its intensity, trade, and financial development following an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) approach. It employs panel data covering 1995-2019, 2 generation unit root, Westerlund cointegration tests, nonlinear pooled mean group (PMG) estimate, and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality check. The Westerlund test validates a long-run association among variables. The study confirms the EKC proposition for the GCC countries. It reveals that a decrease in CO emissions is associated with both positive and negative parts of ICT and the expansion of financial development. While per capita GDP increases pollution, squared GDP per capita reduces it; energy consumption, intensity, and trade amplify carbon emissions. D-H causality check yields several bidirectional and one-way causalities and verifies the robustness of PMG outcomes. Our findings suggest that promoting ICT becomes one of the critical techniques to decrease CO emissions in GCC nations due to its significant negative influence on CO emissions.
本研究采用环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）方法，考察了“信息和通信技术（ICT）”如何在不对称的情况下影响海湾合作委员会（GCC）国家的二氧化碳（CO）排放，控制能源消耗、其强度、贸易和金融发展。该研究采用了涵盖 1995-2019 年的面板数据，进行了两代单位根、韦斯特兰德协整检验、非线性 pooled mean group（PMG）估计和 Dumitrescu-Hurlin 因果检验。Westerlund 检验验证了变量之间的长期关联。该研究证实了 GCC 国家的 EKC 命题。它表明，与 ICT 的积极和消极部分以及金融发展的扩张相关的 CO 排放量减少。人均 GDP 的增加会造成污染，而人均 GDP 的平方则会减少污染；能源消耗、强度和贸易则会增加碳排放。D-H 因果检验得出了几个双向和单向因果关系，并验证了 PMG 结果的稳健性。我们的研究结果表明，由于信息和通信技术对 CO 排放具有显著的负面影响，因此推广信息和通信技术成为减少 GCC 国家 CO 排放的关键技术之一。
