宗教/精神信仰与压力、精神信仰和健康研究中各族群普遍高血压的关系
Religion/Spirituality and Prevalent Hypertension among Ethnic Cohorts in the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health.
机构信息
Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2023 Jul 19;57(8):649-661. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaad007.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a significant public health issue, particularly for Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and South Asians who are at greater risk than whites. Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been shown to be protective, but this has been identified primarily in whites with limited R/S measures examined (i.e., religious service attendance).
PURPOSE
To assess hypertension prevalence (HP) in four racial/ethnic groups while incorporating an array of R/S variables, including individual prayer, group prayer, nontheistic daily spiritual experiences, yoga, gratitude, positive religious coping, and negative religious coping.
METHODS
Data were drawn from the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health, a consortium of ethnically diverse U.S. cohorts. The sample included 994 Black women, 838 Hispanic/Latino men and women, 879 South Asian men and women, and 3681 white women. Using a cross-sectional design, prevalence ratios for R/S and hypertension were reported for each cohort, in addition to pooled analyses. Given differences in R/S among men and women, all models were stratified by gender.
RESULTS
Different patterns of associations were found between women and men. Among women: 1) religious attendance was associated with lower HP among Black and white women; 2) gratitude was linked to lower HP among Hispanic/Latino, South Asian, and white women; 3) individual prayer was associated with higher HP among Hispanic/Latino and white women; 4) yoga was associated with higher HP among South Asian women, and 5) negative religious coping was linked to higher HP among Black women. Among men: significant results were only found among Hispanic/Latino men. Religious attendance and individual prayer were associated with higher HP, while group prayer and negative religious coping were associated with lower HP.
CONCLUSION
Religion/spirituality is a multifaceted construct that manifests differently by race/ethnicity and gender. Medical practitioners should avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to this topic when evaluating prevalent hypertension in diverse communities.
背景
高血压是一个重大的公共卫生问题，尤其对于黑人、西班牙裔/拉丁裔和南亚裔人群来说，他们比白人面临更大的风险。宗教和精神信仰（R/S）已被证明具有保护作用，但这主要是在白人中得到证实，且所检查的 R/S 措施有限（即参加宗教仪式）。
目的
评估四个种族/族裔群体的高血压患病率（HP），同时纳入一系列 R/S 变量，包括个人祈祷、集体祈祷、非有神论日常精神体验、瑜伽、感恩、积极的宗教应对和消极的宗教应对。
方法
数据来自压力、精神信仰和健康研究（Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health），这是一个由美国不同种族群体组成的联盟。该样本包括 994 名黑人女性、838 名西班牙裔/拉丁裔男女、879 名南亚男女和 3681 名白人女性。采用横断面设计，报告了每个队列中 R/S 与高血压的患病率比，以及汇总分析。鉴于男性和女性之间 R/S 的差异，所有模型均按性别分层。
结果
在女性中，不同的 R/S 模式与高血压之间存在关联：1）宗教参与与黑人和白人女性的 HP 降低相关；2）感恩与西班牙裔/拉丁裔、南亚裔和白人女性的 HP 降低相关；3）个人祈祷与西班牙裔/拉丁裔和白人女性的 HP 升高相关；4）瑜伽与南亚裔女性的 HP 升高相关；5）消极的宗教应对与黑人女性的 HP 升高相关。在男性中，仅在西班牙裔/拉丁裔男性中发现了显著的结果。宗教参与和个人祈祷与 HP 升高相关，而集体祈祷和消极的宗教应对与 HP 降低相关。
结论
宗教/精神信仰是一个多方面的概念，在不同的种族/族裔和性别中表现方式不同。在评估不同社区中普遍存在的高血压时，医疗从业者应避免对这个话题采取一刀切的方法。
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