School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2023 May 17;14:1166261. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166261. eCollection 2023.
In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a detailed characterization of antibody persistence over a 6-month period following vaccine booster dose is necessary to crafting effective public health policies on repeat vaccination.
To characterize the SARS-CoV-2 antibody profile of a healthcare worker population over a 6-month period following mRNA vaccination and booster dose. 323 healthcare workers at an academic medical center in Orange County, California who had completed primary vaccination and booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 were recruited for the study. A total of 690 blood specimens over a 6-month period were collected finger-stick blood and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against 9 SARS-CoV-2 antigens using a coronavirus antigen microarray.
The primary outcome of this study was the average SARS-CoV-2 antibody level as measured using a novel coronavirus antigen microarray. Additional outcomes measured include levels of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2. We also measured SARS-CoV-2 neutralization capacity for a subset of the population to confirm correlation with antibody levels. Although antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wane throughout the 6-month period following a booster dose, antibody levels remain higher than pre-boost levels. However, a booster dose of vaccine based on the original Wuhan strain generates approximately 3-fold lower antibody reactivity against Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 as compared to the vaccine strain. Despite waning antibody levels, neutralization activity against the vaccine strain is maintained throughout the 6-month period.
In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections, our data indicate that breakthrough infections are likely driven by novel variants with different antibody specificity and not by time since last dose of vaccination, indicating that development of vaccinations specific to these novel variants is necessary to prevent future surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
在 SARS-CoV-2 感染反复激增的背景下，有必要详细描述疫苗加强针接种后 6 个月内的抗体持续情况，以制定有效的重复接种公共卫生政策。
在加利福尼亚州奥兰治县的一家学术医疗中心，对完成 SARS-CoV-2 初级疫苗接种和加强针接种的医护人员，在接种后 6 个月内，对其 SARS-CoV-2 抗体谱进行描述。共招募了 323 名医护人员。在 6 个月的时间内，通过手指采血共采集了 690 份血样，并使用冠状病毒抗原微阵列分析了 9 种 SARS-CoV-2 抗原的抗体存在情况。
本研究的主要结局是使用新型冠状病毒抗原微阵列测量的平均 SARS-CoV-2 抗体水平。测量的其他结果包括针对 SARS-CoV-2 变体（包括 Delta、Omicron BA.1 和 BA.2）的抗体水平。我们还测量了部分人群的 SARS-CoV-2 中和能力，以确认与抗体水平的相关性。尽管加强针接种后 6 个月内抗体水平逐渐下降，但仍高于加强针接种前的水平。然而，与原始武汉株疫苗相比，基于原始武汉株的疫苗加强针接种后，针对 Omicron 变体 BA.1 和 BA.2 的抗体反应性降低约 3 倍。尽管抗体水平下降，但对疫苗株的中和活性在整个 6 个月内得以维持。
在 SARS-CoV-2 感染反复激增的背景下，我们的数据表明突破性感染可能是由具有不同抗体特异性的新型变体引起的，而不是由上次接种疫苗以来的时间引起的，这表明需要开发针对这些新型变体的疫苗，以防止未来 SARS-CoV-2 感染的激增。
