Fraunhofer-Institute for Transportation and Infrastructure Systems IVI, Dresden, Germany.
The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP), Leuven, Belgium.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2023;24(sup1):S116-S123. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2159761.
Vehicle collisions are described with the help of collision severity parameters such as energy equivalent speed (EES) and the collision-based change of velocity (delta-v). These serve as an input for injury outcome estimations through injury risk functions (IRF) or for the virtual assessment of active safety systems in case of a modified collision. A novel method was developed with the aim of simulating various vehicle collisions within a short time frame while ensuring the accuracy of the collision severity parameters. Previously developed three-dimensional EES models were used in this study. They were used to compute 2 D vehicle substitute models, which are deformed during a new, time-discrete method. By using fundamentals of mechanical impact calculation and vehicle kinematics, relevant collision severity parameters are calculated. These steps are executed in an own developed standalone tool named impactEES. The results obtained were verified against measured crash test data from the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) and the Technical Center of Allgemeiner-Deutscher-Automobil-Club (ADAC). The novel method enables the automated computation of various car-to-car and car-to-object collisions. The output of impactEES includes the deformation area, EES, and delta-v. Furthermore, it includes the following time-discrete data for each vehicle: translational and angular accelerations, translational and angular velocities, and the position of the center of gravity in addition to the heading of the vehicle. Finally, without the need of highly sophisticated hardware, a single simulation of a collision between two vehicles can be calculated within only a few seconds including collision severity parameters. Based on the comparison of measured crash test data and results obtained from impactEES the mean percentage error (MPE) and its standard deviation (SD) were calculated for EES (MPE= - 2.0%, SD = 8.4%, n = 14) and delta-v (MPE= - 1.2%, SD = 14.2%, n = 18). The novel method allows for the 2 D computation of various car-to-car and car-to-object collisions. Using predefined IRF allows the assessment of injury probabilities relative to the change of collision severity parameters. Both can be used for the virtual assessment of injury mitigation capabilities of active safety systems and thus represent an important contribution to its targeted development.
车辆碰撞借助于碰撞严重程度参数来描述，例如能量等效速度 (EES) 和基于碰撞的速度变化 (delta-v)。这些参数作为损伤风险函数 (IRF) 的输入，用于估计损伤结果，或者在修改后的碰撞中用于虚拟评估主动安全系统。本研究开发了一种新方法，旨在短时间内模拟各种车辆碰撞，同时确保碰撞严重程度参数的准确性。该方法使用了以前开发的三维 EES 模型，用于计算二维车辆替代模型，这些模型在新的时间离散方法中发生变形。通过使用机械冲击计算和车辆运动学的基础知识，计算出相关的碰撞严重程度参数。这些步骤在一个名为 impactEES 的自主开发的独立工具中执行。将获得的结果与欧洲新车评估计划 (Euro NCAP) 和德国汽车俱乐部技术中心 (ADAC) 的测量碰撞测试数据进行了验证。该新方法能够自动计算各种车对车和车对物体的碰撞。impactEES 的输出包括变形区域、EES 和 delta-v。此外，它还包括每个车辆的以下时间离散数据：平移和角加速度、平移和角速度以及重心位置，以及车辆的航向。最后，无需复杂的硬件，仅需几秒钟即可计算出两辆车之间的单个碰撞，包括碰撞严重程度参数。基于对测量碰撞测试数据和 impactEES 结果的比较，计算了 EES（MPE = -2.0%，SD = 8.4%，n = 14）和 delta-v（MPE = -1.2%，SD = 14.2%，n = 18）的平均百分比误差 (MPE) 和标准偏差 (SD)。该新方法允许对各种车对车和车对物体的碰撞进行二维计算。使用预定义的 IRF 可以评估相对于碰撞严重程度参数变化的损伤概率。两者都可用于虚拟评估主动安全系统减轻伤害的能力，因此为其有针对性的开发做出了重要贡献。
