Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA94612, USA.
Department of Psychology, Colin Powell School of Civic and Global Leadership, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, NAC 7/120, New York, NY10031, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Jul 1;248:109929. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109929. Epub 2023 May 16.
Substance use trends during the COVID-19 pandemic have been extensively documented. However, relatively less is known about the associations between pandemic-related experiences and substance use.
In July 2020 and January 2021, a broad U.S. community sample (N = 1123) completed online assessments of past month alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use and the 92-item Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory, a multidimensional measure of pandemic-related experiences. We examined links between substance use frequency, and pandemic impact on emotional, physical, economic, and other key domains, using Bayesian Gaussian graphical networks in which edges represent significant associations between variables (referred to as nodes). Bayesian network comparison approaches were used to assess the evidence of stability (or change) in associations between the two timepoints.
After controlling for all other nodes in the network, multiple significant edges connecting substance use nodes and pandemic-experience nodes were observed across both time points, including positive- (r range 0.07-0.23) and negative-associations (r range -0.25 to -0.11). Alcohol was positively associated with social and emotional pandemic impacts and negatively associated with economic impacts. Nicotine was positively associated with economic impact and negatively associated with social impact. Cannabis was positively associated with emotional impact. Network comparison suggested these associations were stable across the two timepoints.
Alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use had unique associations to a few specific domains among a broad range of pandemic-related experiences. Given the cross-sectional nature of these analyses with observational data, further investigation is needed to identify potential causal links.
新冠疫情期间的物质使用趋势已得到广泛记录。然而，关于与大流行相关经历和物质使用之间的关联，人们了解相对较少。
在 2020 年 7 月和 2021 年 1 月，一项广泛的美国社区样本（N=1123）完成了过去一个月内酒精、大麻和尼古丁使用情况以及 92 项大流行-流行影响清单的在线评估，这是一种衡量大流行相关经历的多维指标。我们使用贝叶斯高斯图形网络来检查物质使用频率与大流行对情感、身体、经济和其他关键领域的影响之间的联系，其中边缘代表变量之间的显著关联（称为节点）。使用贝叶斯网络比较方法来评估两个时间点之间关联的稳定性（或变化）的证据。
在控制网络中的所有其他节点后，在两个时间点都观察到了多个将物质使用节点和大流行经历节点连接起来的显著边缘，包括正相关（r 范围为 0.07-0.23）和负相关（r 范围为-0.25 到-0.11）。酒精与社会和情感大流行影响呈正相关，与经济影响呈负相关。尼古丁与经济影响呈正相关，与社会影响呈负相关。大麻与情绪影响呈正相关。网络比较表明，这些关联在两个时间点都是稳定的。
酒精、尼古丁和大麻使用与广泛的大流行相关经历中的几个特定领域有独特的关联。鉴于这些分析具有观察性数据的横截面性质，需要进一步调查以确定潜在的因果关系。
