Department of Landscape Architecture, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Jun 3;195(7):805. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11384-6.
Developing a sound urban green infrastructure system is critical for addressing climate change. Green infrastructure (GI) also plays an essential role in the urban system by providing ecosystem services for urban residents. Although some research on GI has been published in Taiwan, there is a lack of understanding of how changes in land use and GI affect the landscape patterns in urban fringe areas. This study explores the impact of changes in GI on the landscape pattern of the urban fringe and urban core areas in the Taipei metropolitan area (TMA). We used intensity analysis to investigate changes in land area and land use intensity between 1981 and 2015 at three levels: interval, category, and transition. Landscape metrics were employed to analyze changes in GI patterns. We found, firstly, that although the rate of change in the urban core area of the TMA was faster than the rate of change in the urban fringe area during 1981-1995 and 1995-2006, changes in the urban fringe area nevertheless maintained a state of rapid change in 1995-2006 and 2006-2015. Secondly, forest and agricultural lands in urban fringe areas were the GI categories with the greatest changes in area from 1981 to 2015. Thirdly, transition areas among forest, agricultural, and built-up areas in urban fringe areas were larger during 1995-2015 than 1981-1995. Finally, the results of landscape pattern analysis indicate that the urban fringe area of the TMA is experiencing landscape fragmentation. Although forest land remained the main category in the urban fringe from 1981 to 2015, the integrity of its patch area decreased over time, and the prevalence of small and complex patches of built-up and agricultural land increased. Spatial planning should therefore consider how to build a GI system to promote ecosystem services in urban fringe areas so as to enhance the ability to respond to climate change.
发展健全的城市绿色基础设施系统对于应对气候变化至关重要。绿色基础设施（GI）在城市系统中也发挥着重要作用，为城市居民提供生态系统服务。虽然台湾已经有一些关于 GI 的研究，但对于土地利用和 GI 变化如何影响城市边缘区的景观格局，人们的理解还很有限。本研究探讨了 GI 变化对台北都会区（TMA）城市边缘区和城市核心区景观格局的影响。我们使用强度分析方法研究了 1981 年至 2015 年三个时间段（间隔、类别和转换）土地面积和土地利用强度的变化。使用景观指标分析 GI 模式的变化。研究结果表明，首先，尽管 TMA 城市核心区的变化速度在 1981-1995 年和 1995-2006 年期间快于城市边缘区，但城市边缘区在 1995-2006 年和 2006-2015 年期间仍保持快速变化的状态。其次，从 1981 年到 2015 年，城市边缘区森林和农业用地是面积变化最大的 GI 类别。第三，城市边缘区森林、农业和建成区之间的过渡区在 1995-2015 年比 1981-1995 年更大。最后，景观格局分析的结果表明，TMA 城市边缘区正在经历景观破碎化。尽管从 1981 年到 2015 年，森林仍然是城市边缘区的主要类别，但随着时间的推移，其斑块面积的完整性下降，而建成区和农业区的小而复杂斑块的比例增加。因此，空间规划应考虑如何建立一个 GI 系统，以促进城市边缘区的生态系统服务，从而提高应对气候变化的能力。
