改善糖尿病患者的口腔健康知识和行为：使用社交媒体的干预研究。
Improvement of oral health knowledge and behavior of diabetic patients: an interventional study using the social media.
机构信息
Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Oral Health. 2023 Jun 3;23(1):359. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03007-w.
BACKGROUND
Diabetic patients are not often aware of relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal diseases, and the researchers recommend further knowledge enhancement of diabetic patients in this regard. This study aimed to enhance oral health knowledge of diabetic adults via an educational intervention.
METHODS
In this interventional study, three private offices of endocrinologists specialized in treatment of DM were selected for the recruitment of participants. In total, 120 diabetic adults (40 from each office) took part in an educational intervention in three groups (patients from each office made up one group): (I) physician-aid, (II) researcher-aid, and (III) social media. In group (I), participants received educational materials (brochure and CD) from their endocrinologist, in group (II) participants received educational materials from researcher. Group (III) joining an educational group in WhatsApp for 3 months. A self-reported standard questionnaire was filled out by the patients before, and after the intervention to assess oral health knowledge. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and ANCOVA.
RESULTS
The mean oral health knowledge score increased in all three groups after the educational interventions (P < 0.001); the highest increase occurred in the social media group. Toothbrushing twice daily or more had the greatest improvement in the physician-aid group compared with the other two groups (P < 0.001). The greatest improvement in dental flossing once daily or more occurred in the social media group (P = 0.01). The mean level of the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased in all three groups, but not significantly (P = 0.83).
CONCLUSION
The results showed that educational interventions enhance oral health knowledge, and improve the behavior of diabetic adults. The education via the social media can be an efficient method for knowledge enhancement of diabetic patients.
背景
糖尿病患者通常并不了解糖尿病（DM）与牙周病之间的关系，研究人员建议在这方面进一步增强糖尿病患者的知识。本研究旨在通过教育干预来提高成年糖尿病患者的口腔健康知识。
方法
在这项干预性研究中，选择了三位专门治疗 DM 的内分泌学家的私人诊所来招募参与者。共有 120 名成年糖尿病患者（每个诊所 40 名）分为三组（每个诊所的患者组成一组）参加了教育干预：（I）医生协助组，（II）研究人员协助组和（III）社交媒体组。在组（I）中，参与者从内分泌医生那里获得了教育材料（小册子和 CD），在组（II）中，参与者从研究人员那里获得了教育材料。组（III）加入了一个为期 3 个月的 WhatsApp 教育组。患者在干预前后填写了一份自我报告的标准问卷，以评估口腔健康知识。使用 SPSS 版本 21 通过独立 t 检验、Mann-Whitney 检验、卡方检验和协方差分析对数据进行分析。
结果
所有三组在教育干预后口腔健康知识评分均有所提高（P<0.001）；社交媒体组的增幅最大。与其他两组相比，医生协助组中每天刷牙两次或更多的人数增加最多（P<0.001）。在社交媒体组中，每天至少使用牙线洁牙一次的人数增加最多（P=0.01）。所有三组的平均血红蛋白 A1c（HbA1c）水平均有所下降，但无统计学意义（P=0.83）。
结论
结果表明，教育干预可提高成年糖尿病患者的口腔健康知识水平，并改善其行为。通过社交媒体进行教育可能是增强糖尿病患者知识的有效方法。
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