单倍体相合造血干细胞移植对基于二代测序的伴有FLT3-ITD突变的成年急性髓系白血病患者共突变的影响

The effect of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on comutations based on next-generation sequencing in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with the FLT3-ITD mutation.

作者信息

Tang Feifei, Zhao Xiaosu, Ruan Guorui, Jiang Qian, Jiang Hao, Xu Lanping, Wang Yu, Zhang Xiaohui, Liu Kaiyan, Huang Xiaojun

机构信息

Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.

Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.

出版信息

Hematol Oncol. 2023 Oct;41(4):733-742. doi: 10.1002/hon.3186. Epub 2023 Jun 4.

Abstract

According to the 2022 European LeukemiaNet, all acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases with FLT3-ITD mutations are now categorized as intermediate risk irrespective of the FLT3-ITD allelic ratio or concurrent presence of NPM1 mutation. However, whether other next-generation sequencing (NGS) comutation genes can add layers to FLT3-ITD and whether the poor outcomes of FLT3-ITD comutations can be overcome by haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) are unclear. This study aimed to investigate which comutations based on NGS at diagnosis affect the clinical prognosis of de novo AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutations and the effect of haplo-HSCT on comutations. We analyzed 95 de novo AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutations from January 2018 to August 2021 based on the NGS 99-gene platform. Forty-one other types of molecular mutations were detected. The most common cooccurring mutations were NPM1 (n = 43, 45.3%) and DNMT3A (n = 21, 22.1%). NPM1 mutation did not affect the clinical outcomes. Acute myeloid leukemia patients with FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A comutations had significantly worse 3-year Disease-free survival (DFS) (49.5% vs. 69.3%, P = 0.01) and Overall survival (OS) rates (61.1% vs. 69.8%, P = 0.54) than those without DNMT3A mutations, and survival was significantly more favorable after haplo-HSCT than that after chemotherapy (3-year DFS, 85.7% vs. 30.8%, P = 0.006; 3-year OS, 85.7% vs. 43.1%, p = 0.08). In multivariate analysis, DNMT3A mutation was a risk factor for DFS, while haplo-HSCT was a protective factor. In conclusion, DNMT3A mutation might be a poor prognostic factor in adult AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutations, and haplo-HSCT could overcome the poor prognosis of DNMT3A comutation.

摘要

根据2022年欧洲白血病网的标准,所有伴有FLT3-ITD突变的急性髓系白血病(AML)病例,无论FLT3-ITD等位基因比例或是否同时存在NPM1突变,现在都被归类为中危。然而,其他二代测序(NGS)共突变基因是否能为FLT3-ITD增加分层,以及单倍体相合造血干细胞移植(haplo-HSCT)能否克服FLT3-ITD共突变的不良预后尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查诊断时基于NGS的哪些共突变会影响初诊FLT3-ITD突变AML患者的临床预后,以及haplo-HSCT对共突变的影响。我们基于NGS 99基因平台分析了2018年1月至2021年8月期间的95例初诊FLT3-ITD突变的AML患者。检测到了41种其他类型的分子突变。最常见的共现突变是NPM1(n = 43,45.3%)和DNMT3A(n = 21,22.1%)。NPM1突变不影响临床结局。伴有FLT3-ITD和DNMT3A共突变的急性髓系白血病患者的3年无病生存率(DFS)(49.5%对69.3%,P = 0.01)和总生存率(OS)(61.1%对69.8%,P = 0.54)显著低于无DNMT3A突变的患者,haplo-HSCT后的生存率明显优于化疗后的生存率(3年DFS,85.7%对30.8%,P = 0.006;3年OS,85.7%对43.1%,P = 0.08)。多因素分析中,DNMT3A突变是DFS的危险因素,而haplo-HSCT是保护因素。总之,DNMT3A突变可能是成人FLT3-ITD突变AML患者的不良预后因素,haplo-HSCT可克服DNMT3A共突变的不良预后。

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