College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jul;30(32):78607-78618. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28095-7. Epub 2023 Jun 5.
Evidence suggests a possible association between ambient air pollutants and oral diseases. Nevertheless, information regarding the relationship between air pollutants and pulpitis is scarce and inconclusive. In view of this, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and outpatient visits for pulpitis. Daily data on outpatient visits for pulpitis, air pollutants, and meteorological data in Hefei, China, was collected from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. The association between exposure to air pollutants and pulpitis outpatient visits was evaluated using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) and a generalized linear model (GLM). Furthermore, stratified analyses were performed by gender, age and season. A total of 93,324 records of outpatient visits for pulpitis were included in this study. The results showed that exposure to NO, PM, and CO were positively correlated with an increased risk of pulpitis outpatient visits. Each 10 μg/m increase in NO and PM concentration, at lag 0-2 day, was associated with a 2.4% (relative risk (RR) = 1.024, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.014-1.035) and 0.5% (RR = 1.005, 95% CI: 1.000-1.010) increase in pulpitis outpatient visits, respectively. With a 1 mg/m increase in CO concentration, the risk of pulpitis outpatient visits increased by 9.1% (RR = 1.091, 95% CI: 1.031-1.154, lag 0-1 day). Intriguingly, exposure to O was associated with a decreased risk of pulpitis outpatient visits (RR = 0.990, 95% CI: 0.984-0.995, lag 0-5 day). Subgroup analysis revealed that in the warm season, exposure to PM, O, and CO was related with a significantly higher outpatient risk of pulpitis than in the cold season. Additionally, the influence of PM and CO exposure at age < 65 years was significantly stronger than at age ≥ 65 years. In conclusion, exposure to ambient NO, PM, and CO is associated with an increase in pulpitis outpatient visits in Hefei, China. Conversely, exposure to O reduces the risk of outpatient visits for pulpitis. Age and season are effect modifiers of these associations.
有证据表明，环境空气污染物与口腔疾病之间可能存在关联。然而，有关空气污染物与牙髓炎之间关系的信息仍然有限且尚无定论。有鉴于此，本研究旨在探讨短期暴露于空气污染与牙髓炎门诊就诊之间的关系。本研究收集了 2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日期间，中国合肥的每日牙髓炎门诊就诊数据、空气污染物和气象数据。采用分布滞后非线性模型（DLNM）和广义线性模型（GLM）评估暴露于空气污染物与牙髓炎门诊就诊之间的关联。此外，还按性别、年龄和季节进行了分层分析。本研究共纳入了 93324 例牙髓炎门诊就诊记录。结果表明，NO、PM 和 CO 的暴露与牙髓炎门诊就诊风险的增加呈正相关。在滞后 0-2 天，NO 和 PM 浓度每增加 10 μg/m，与牙髓炎门诊就诊的增加分别相关 2.4%（相对风险（RR）=1.024，95%置信区间（CI）：1.014-1.035）和 0.5%（RR=1.005，95%CI：1.000-1.010）。CO 浓度每增加 1mg/m，牙髓炎门诊就诊的风险增加 9.1%（RR=1.091，95%CI：1.031-1.154，滞后 0-1 天）。有趣的是，O 的暴露与牙髓炎门诊就诊风险的降低相关（RR=0.990，95%CI：0.984-0.995，滞后 0-5 天）。亚组分析显示，在温暖季节，与 PM、O 和 CO 的暴露相比，寒冷季节牙髓炎门诊就诊的风险显著更高。此外，在年龄<65 岁的人群中，PM 和 CO 暴露的影响明显强于年龄≥65 岁的人群。总之，在中国合肥，环境中 NO、PM 和 CO 的暴露与牙髓炎门诊就诊的增加有关。相反，O 的暴露降低了牙髓炎门诊就诊的风险。年龄和季节是这些关联的效应修饰因子。
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