青少年孤儿心理健康和幸福的风险及保护因素。
Risk and protective factors for mental health and wellbeing among adolescent orphans.
作者信息
Cherewick Megan, Dahl Ronald E, Bertomen Samantha, Hipp Emily, Shreedar Priyanka, Njau Prosper F, Leiferman Jenn A
机构信息
Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.
Institute of Human Development, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
出版信息
Health Psychol Behav Med. 2023 May 31;11(1):2219299. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2219299. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Research has demonstrated the importance of understanding risk factors for mental health and wellbeing. Less research has focused on protective factors that protect mental health and promote wellbeing in diverse contexts. Estimating structural paths from risk protective factors to psychopathology and wellbeing can inform prioritization of targeted investment in adolescent health programs that seek to modify factors that are most closely associated with mental wellbeing.
STUDY OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors (e.g. emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical neglect, stigma) and protective factors (e.g. community relationships, self-esteem, and autonomy) among adolescent orphans, protective associations with depression, anxiety and externalizing behaviors and promotive associations with hope, happiness, and health.
METHODS
The analytic sample was collected between January and March of 2019 and included 350 adolescent orphans ages 10-15 from three districts in Tanzania. Participants completed survey interviews, 75-90 min in length, that measured risk and protective factors, psychological symptoms, and mental wellbeing measures.
RESULTS
Results of the fitted structural equation model indicated that structural paths from protective factors to psychopathology (= -0.53, = 0.015) and mental wellbeing (= 0.72, = 0.014) outcomes were significant. Structural paths from risk factors to psychopathology (= -0.34, = 0.108) and mental wellbeing (= -0.24, = 0.405) were not significant.
CONCLUSION
In a sample of vulnerable youth, protective factors (e.g. community relationships, self-esteem, and autonomy) were significantly associated with reduced depression, anxiety and externalizing behaviors and increased hope, happiness, and health in a structural equation model that included risk factors (emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical neglect). Results suggest that strong community relationships, self-esteem and autonomy may be important modifiable factors to target in intervention programs aimed at supporting adolescent mental wellbeing.
背景
研究已证明了解心理健康和幸福的风险因素的重要性。较少有研究关注在不同背景下保护心理健康和促进幸福的保护因素。估计从风险保护因素到精神病理学和幸福的结构路径可为旨在改变与心理健康最密切相关因素的青少年健康项目的目标投资优先级提供信息。
研究目的
本研究的目的是检查青少年孤儿中的风险因素（如情感忽视、情感虐待、身体忽视、污名）和保护因素（如社区关系、自尊和自主性），与抑郁、焦虑和外化行为的保护关联以及与希望、幸福和健康的促进关联。
方法
分析样本于2019年1月至3月收集，包括来自坦桑尼亚三个地区的350名10 - 15岁的青少年孤儿。参与者完成了时长75 - 90分钟的调查访谈，测量了风险和保护因素、心理症状以及心理健康指标。
结果
拟合结构方程模型的结果表明，从保护因素到精神病理学（= -0.53，= 0.015）和心理健康（= 0.72，= 0.014）结果的结构路径是显著的。从风险因素到精神病理学（= -0.34，= 0.108）和心理健康（= -0.24，= 0.405）的结构路径不显著。
结论
在一个弱势青年样本中，在包含风险因素（情感忽视、情感虐待、身体忽视）的结构方程模型中，保护因素（如社区关系、自尊和自主性）与抑郁、焦虑和外化行为的减少以及希望、幸福和健康的增加显著相关。结果表明，强大的社区关系、自尊和自主性可能是旨在支持青少年心理健康的干预项目中重要的可改变因素。
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