Schmitt Filho Abdon L, Kretzer Stéfano Gomes, Farley Joshua, Kazama Daniele C, Sinisgalli Paulo A, Deniz Matheus
Agroecosystem Program - PPGA/UFSC, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianopolis, Brazil.
Silvopastoral Systems and Ecological Restoration Laboratory - LASSre/UFSC, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianopolis, Brazil.
Int J Biometeorol. 2023 Jul;67(7):1199-1212. doi: 10.1007/s00484-023-02488-2. Epub 2023 Jun 6.
This study aimed to assess the influence of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnu) on the microclimate, pasture production, and pasture chemical composition. Microclimate variables and pasture production and chemical composition were measured in pared paddocks under SPSnu and treeless pasture (TLP) in a commercial farm during four seasons in Southern Brazil. SPSnu measurements were subdivided into two areas: around the nuclei (AN) and area inter-nuclei (IN). In the TLP paddocks, we plotted fictitious nuclei with the same areas and distributions of SPSnu, however without trees. For the microclimate measurements, these areas were noted when shaded or unshaded by the nuclei trees. In each season, the microclimate variables air temperature (AT, °C), relative humidity (RH, %), illuminance (Ilu, lux), wind speed (WS, m/s), and soil surface temperature (SST, °C) were measured. In addition, botanical composition (%), pasture production (kg/DM/ ha), and pasture chemical composition were evaluated. The SPSnu provided the lowest values of microclimate variables in all seasons (p < 0.05), except for the relative humidity. Winter had the highest thermal amplitude in the systems. The highest difference between SPSnu and TLP for AT (4.3 °C) and SST (5.2 °C) was measured during the hot seasons (spring and summer). In contrast, during cold seasons (autumn and winter) it observed highest thermal amplitude between SPSnu and TLP. Overall, the highest annual pasture production was observed in the SPSnu (p < 0.05). During the summer, the SPSnu areas showed the highest values of crude protein and dry matter (p < 0.05). During the winter, the TLP showed the lowest values (p < 0.05) of pasture production and dry matter. It was observed that SPSnu improved the microclimate at the pasture level, influencing pasture production and pasture chemical composition. The enhanced microclimate can partially mitigate some of the effects of climate change on pastoral agroecosystems, creating conditions for ecological rehabilitation of ecosystem processes and services. These conditions could be amplified to a biome level through a payment for ecosystem services program.
本研究旨在评估高生物多样性林牧系统（SPSnu）对小气候、牧草产量和牧草化学成分的影响。在巴西南部一个商业农场的四个季节里，对SPSnu和无树牧场（TLP）中配对的围场中的小气候变量、牧草产量和化学成分进行了测量。SPSnu的测量分为两个区域：核周围（AN）和核间区域（IN）。在TLP围场中，我们绘制了面积和分布与SPSnu相同但没有树木的虚拟核。对于小气候测量，记录这些区域何时被核树遮蔽或未被遮蔽。在每个季节，测量小气候变量气温（AT，°C）、相对湿度（RH，%）、照度（Ilu，勒克斯）、风速（WS，米/秒）和土壤表面温度（SST，°C）。此外，还评估了植物组成（%）、牧草产量（千克/干物质/公顷）和牧草化学成分。除相对湿度外，SPSnu在所有季节提供的小气候变量值最低（p < 0.05）。冬季系统中的热振幅最高。在炎热季节（春季和夏季），测量到SPSnu和TLP之间AT（4.3°C）和SST（5.2°C）的最大差异。相反，在寒冷季节（秋季和冬季），观察到SPSnu和TLP之间的热振幅最高。总体而言，SPSnu的年牧草产量最高（p < 0.05）。在夏季，SPSnu区域的粗蛋白和干物质含量最高（p < 0.05）。在冬季，TLP的牧草产量和干物质含量最低（p < 0.05）。据观察，SPSnu改善了牧场水平的小气候，影响了牧草产量和牧草化学成分。改善的小气候可以部分减轻气候变化对牧业农业生态系统的一些影响，为生态系统过程和服务的生态恢复创造条件。通过生态系统服务付费计划，这些条件可以扩大到生物群落水平。
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