Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Laboratório de Sistemas Silvipastoris e Restauração Ecológica, Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Int J Biometeorol. 2020 Nov;64(11):1877-1887. doi: 10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows' behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured-air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade.
本研究旨在评估在亚热带高生物多样性林牧系统（SPSnuclei）下，微气候对奶牛行为及其对不同牧场区域偏好的影响。我们调查了 SPSnuclei 下的三个不同牧场区域：核周围遮荫区（SAN）、核周围无遮荫区（UAN）和远离核全天阳光区（SDN）。在每个区域，测量了微气候变量-空气温度（°C）、相对湿度（%）、光照度（lux）、风速（m/s）和土壤表面温度（°C）。此外，还评估了 39 头泽西奶牛的昼夜行为。每 10 分钟扫描一次，记录放牧、站立休息、躺卧休息、站立反刍和躺卧反刍；持续观察饮水情况。SPSnuclei 区域的微气候存在差异（p < 0.05）。核周围的区域提供了更好的空气温度条件（SAN，31.05°C；UAN，31.92°C；SDN，33.39°C）、光照度（SAN，5665 lx；UAN，61065 lx；SDN，75380 lx）和土壤表面温度（SAN，27.35°C；UAN，32.38°C；SDN，35.87°C）。奶牛对每个 SPSnuclei 区域的使用频率不同（p < 0.01）；在核周围区域，放牧（SAN，12.6%；UAN，4.8%；SDN，11.1%）、反刍（SAN，21.7%；UAN，3.1%；SDN，1.9%）和休息（SAN，35.6%；UAN，5.4%；SDN，3.7%）的频率最高。高生物多样性林牧系统的微气候导致动物优先在核周围区域进行放牧、反刍和休息，即使没有遮荫。
