International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
Int Breastfeed J. 2023 Jun 6;18(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s13006-023-00566-0.
In India, more than half of the newborns experience delayed breastfeeding, and non-exclusive breastfeeding is practiced in 63% of babies below the age of six months. The goal of this study is to investigate the extent to which external environment, demographic and socioeconomic, pregnancy and birthing characteristics, as well as utilization of maternal care services, are associated with delayed initiation and non-exclusive breastfeeding among children in India.
Data was gathered from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), which was conducted in 2019-21. This study used information on 85,037 singleton infants aged 0-23 months and 22,750 singleton infants aged 0-5 months. Delayed initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding was used as outcome variables in this study. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to analyse the association of delayed breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding with selected background characteristics.
Factors significantly associated with increased risks of delayed initiation of breastfeeding included infants from in the central region (OR 2.19; 95% CI 2.09, 2.29), mothers in the 20 to 29 years age group at the time of childbirth (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.98, 1.05), caesarean deliveries (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.90, 2.05). The likelihoods for non-exclusive breastfeeding significantly increased among children belonging to the richest household status (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.17, 1.45), mothers who had less than nine months of pregnancy period (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.06, 1.25), and mothers who gave birth in non-health facility (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.05, 1.31).
The connections between several different categories of factors and non-exclusive breastfeeding and delayed breastfeeding initiation show the need for comprehensive public health programmes using a multi-sectoral approach to promote breastfeeding behaviours in India.
在印度，超过一半的新生儿存在母乳喂养延迟的情况，63%的 6 月龄以下婴儿未进行纯母乳喂养。本研究旨在探讨外部环境、人口统计学和社会经济学、妊娠和分娩特征以及孕产妇保健服务的利用情况与印度儿童中延迟启动和非纯母乳喂养之间的关联程度。
本研究数据来自于 2019-2021 年进行的第五轮全国家庭健康调查（NFHS）。本研究使用了 85037 名 0-23 月龄单胎婴儿和 22750 名 0-5 月龄单胎婴儿的信息。本研究将延迟启动母乳喂养和非纯母乳喂养作为结局变量。采用非调整和调整后的多变量二项逻辑回归分析延迟母乳喂养和非纯母乳喂养与选定背景特征的关联。
与延迟启动母乳喂养风险增加显著相关的因素包括来自中央区域的婴儿（OR 2.19；95%CI 2.09，2.29）、分娩时年龄在 20-29 岁的母亲（OR 1.02；95%CI 0.98，1.05）、剖宫产（OR 1.97；95%CI 1.90，2.05）。属于最富裕家庭状况的儿童进行非纯母乳喂养的可能性显著增加（OR 1.30；95%CI 1.17，1.45）、妊娠时间不足 9 个月的母亲（OR 1.15；95%CI 1.06，1.25）以及在非医疗保健机构分娩的母亲（OR 1.17；95%CI 1.05，1.31）。
多种不同类别的因素与非纯母乳喂养和延迟母乳喂养启动之间的联系表明，印度需要采用多部门方法制定综合公共卫生方案来促进母乳喂养行为。
