Nonomura M, Kawamura J, Ueda M, Okada Y, Takeuchi H, Yoshida O
Hinyokika Kiyo. 1986 Mar;32(3):311-25.
Various risk factors and inhibitors of the stone formation of the upper urinary tract have been pointed out in urine. We examined the amount of daily excretion of several important risk factors (calcium, phosphorus, urate and oxalate) and inhibitors (magnesium and citrate) in the urine of 21 healthy males, 13 male single stone formeks and recurrent and/or multiple stone formers before and after taking the regular diet which contains 500 mg of calcium and 1,000 mg of phosphorus a day. The daily excretion of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium indicated no significant differences among the 3 groups. The excretion of oxalate in urine for 24 hours was significantly decreased in the stone formers after taking the regular diet. The urinary excretion of the urate per body surface area in the stone formers was significantly higher than that in the healthy control. The amount of the excretion of the citrate in urine in the recurrent and/or multiple stone formers was significantly lower than that in the other 2 groups. Many patients of the recurrent and/or multiple urinary stones had more than two abnormal values of above-mentioned risk factors and inhibitors. These results suggest that the causes of the formation of the upper urinary stone were not single but multiple and that the dietary advice to these patients was important against the recurrence of the urolithiasis.
尿液中已指出了上尿路结石形成的各种危险因素和抑制因素。我们检测了21名健康男性、13名单发结石男性患者以及复发和/或多发结石患者在摄入每日含钙500毫克、含磷1000毫克的常规饮食前后尿液中几种重要危险因素（钙、磷、尿酸盐和草酸盐）及抑制因素（镁和柠檬酸盐）的每日排泄量。钙、磷和镁的每日排泄量在这三组之间无显著差异。结石患者在摄入常规饮食后24小时尿草酸盐排泄量显著降低。结石患者每单位体表面积的尿酸盐尿排泄量显著高于健康对照组。复发和/或多发结石患者尿液中柠檬酸盐的排泄量显著低于其他两组。许多复发和/或多发尿路结石患者上述危险因素和抑制因素中有两项以上异常值。这些结果表明，上尿路结石形成的原因并非单一而是多因素的，并且对这些患者的饮食建议对于预防尿路结石复发很重要。
