PPGECIA and GEEA/DEAM, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, São Cristóvão, 49100-000, Brazil.
PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2023 Jun 7;110(6):106. doi: 10.1007/s00128-023-03739-z.
In this study we evaluated the acute (immobility/mortality) and chronic (survival and reproduction) effects of the drugs caffeine, diclofenac sodium salt, ketoprofen, paracetamol and salicylic acid on the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. The environmental risks of these substances for tropical freshwaters were estimated from the risk quotient MEC/PNEC. Sensitivity in acute exposures varied up on the drug as follows: salicylic acid (EC = 69.15 mg L) < caffeine (EC = 45.94 mg L) < paracetamol (EC = 34.49 mg L) < ketoprofen (EC = 24.84 mg L) < diclofenac sodium salt (EC = 14.59 mg L). Chronic toxicity data showed negative effects of the drugs on reproduction. Paracetamol and salicylic acid caused reduction in fecundity in concentrations starting from 10 mg L and 35 mg L, respectively. Ketoprofen caused total inhibition at 5 mg L. MEC/PNEC values were relatively low for all drugs. The risk was estimated as low or insignificant, except for caffeine, whose MEC/PNEC value was greater than 1 (moderate risk).
在这项研究中，我们评估了药物咖啡因、双氯芬酸钠盐、酮洛芬、对乙酰氨基酚和水杨酸对蜉蝣目枝角类动物 Ceriodaphnia silvestrii 的急性（不动/死亡率）和慢性（生存和繁殖）影响。这些物质对热带淡水的环境风险是根据风险商数 MEC/PNEC 进行估计的。急性暴露的敏感性按药物如下变化：水杨酸（EC = 69.15 毫克/升）<咖啡因（EC = 45.94 毫克/升）<对乙酰氨基酚（EC = 34.49 毫克/升）<酮洛芬（EC = 24.84 毫克/升）<双氯芬酸钠盐（EC = 14.59 毫克/升）。慢性毒性数据显示，这些药物对繁殖有负面影响。对乙酰氨基酚和水杨酸在 10 毫克/升和 35 毫克/升的浓度下开始降低生育能力。酮洛芬在 5 毫克/升时完全抑制。所有药物的 MEC/PNEC 值都相对较低。除了咖啡因（风险等级为中等）之外，风险被评估为低或不显著，其 MEC/PNEC 值大于 1。
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