The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, China.
PLoS One. 2023 Jun 7;18(6):e0286849. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286849. eCollection 2023.
Tarim Basin has undergone an intricate tectonic evolution history ever since its formation from two discrete terranes in Neoproterozoic rather than in the Paleoproterozoic. More precisely, the amalgamation is assumed to happen during 1.0-0.8 Ga based on plate affinity. As the beginning of a unified Tarim block, studies of Tarim Basin in the Precambrian are basic and important. After the amalgamation of south and north paleo-Tarim terranes, Tarim block was experiencing a complicated tectonic process of being affected by mantle plume related to the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent in the south, and compressed by the Circum-Rodinia Subduction System in the north. The breakup of Rodinia supercontinent finished in the late Sinian Period, leading Kudi Ocean and Altyn Ocean to open and separating Tarim block from itself. According to the residual strata thickness, drilling data, and lithofacies distribution, the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeographic maps of Tarim Basin in the late Nanhua Period and Sinian Period are reconstructed. With these maps, the characteristics of the rifts are revealed. Two rift systems were developed inside the unified Tarim Basin in the Nanhua Period and Sinian Period, one back-arc rift system in the northern margin and the other aulacogen system in the southern margin. The azimuth distribution of the rifts in Quruqtagh showed a predominant NE-SW trend, and the rifts in Aksu trended mainly NW-SE, while the rifts in Tiekelike trended SW-NE. With a three-dimensional elastic FEM (Finite Element Method) model that includes all rifts and deposited areas in Tarim Basin, applying the southern subduction and northern mantle upwelling properly to get the paleotectonic mian stress axes and the differential stress field, the dynamic mechanisms of rifts evolution are proved to be related to the peripheral tectonic environment mentioned above.
塔里木盆地自新元古代由两个离散的地体拼合形成以来，经历了复杂的构造演化历史，而不是古元古代。更确切地说，根据板块亲缘关系，拼合发生在 10 亿至 8 亿年前。作为塔里木统一地块的开始，前寒武纪塔里木盆地的研究是基础和重要的。在南、北古塔里木地体拼合之后，塔里木地块经历了一个复杂的构造过程，受到与罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解有关的地幔柱的影响，同时受到北缘环罗迪尼亚俯冲系统的挤压。罗迪尼亚超大陆的裂解在震旦纪末期完成，导致库地洋和阿尔金洋打开，使塔里木地块与其分离。根据残余地层厚度、钻井数据和岩相分布，重建了塔里木盆地晚南华世和震旦纪原型盆地和构造古地理图。通过这些地图，揭示了裂谷的特征。在南华世和震旦纪，统一的塔里木盆地内部发育了两个裂谷系统，一个是北部的弧后裂谷系统，另一个是南部的拗拉谷系统。在库鲁克塔格，裂谷的方位分布主要呈 NE-SW 趋势，阿克苏的裂谷主要呈 NW-SE 趋势，而铁克里克的裂谷则呈 SW-NE 趋势。利用包括塔里木盆地所有裂谷和沉积区的三维弹性有限元（Finite Element Method）模型，适当地应用南部俯冲和北部地幔上涌，获得古构造主应力轴和差异应力场，证明裂谷演化的动力机制与上述外围构造环境有关。
