Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
J Immunother Cancer. 2023 Jun;11(6). doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006628.
Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapies, and T-cell engagers, have fundamentally changed our approach to treating cancer. However, successes with cancer vaccines have been more difficult to realize. While vaccines against specific viruses have been widely adopted to prevent the development of cancer, only two vaccines can improve survival in advanced disease: sipuleucel-T and talimogene laherparepvec. These represent the two approaches that have the most traction: vaccinating against cognate antigen and priming responses using tumors in situ. Here, we review the challenges and opportunities researchers face in developing therapeutic vaccines for cancer.
免疫疗法，如免疫检查点抑制剂、细胞疗法和 T 细胞激动剂，从根本上改变了我们治疗癌症的方法。然而，癌症疫苗的成功更难实现。虽然针对特定病毒的疫苗已被广泛用于预防癌症的发生，但只有两种疫苗可以提高晚期疾病的生存率：sipuleucel-T 和 talimogene laherparepvec。这两种方法是最有效的方法：针对同源抗原进行疫苗接种，并使用原位肿瘤进行初始反应。在这里，我们回顾了研究人员在开发癌症治疗性疫苗方面面临的挑战和机遇。
