Tangkas I Wayan Christ Widhi Herman, Sujoto Vincent Sutresno Hadi, Astuti Widi, Jenie Siti Nurul Aisyiyah, Anggara Ferian, Utama Andhika Putera, Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti
Department of Chemical Engineering (Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No.2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia.
Faculty of Engineering, Unconventional Geo-Resources Research Center, UGM, Jl. Grafika No.2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia.
J Sustain Metall. 2023;9(2):613-624. doi: 10.1007/s40831-023-00664-7. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Indonesia is one of the countries in the world that has been utilizing geothermal as a renewable energy source to generate electricity. Depending on the geological setting, geothermal brine possesses critical elements worthwhile to extract. One of the critical elements is lithium which is interesting in being processed as raw material for the battery industries. This study thoroughly presented titanium oxide material for lithium recovery from artificial geothermal brine and the effect of Li/Ti mole ratio, temperature, and solution pH. The precursors were synthesized using TiO and LiCO with several variations of the Li/Ti mole ratio mixed at room temperature for 10 min. The mixture of 20 g of raw materials was put into a 50 mL crucible and then calcined in a muffle furnace. The calcination temperature in the furnace was varied to 600, 750, and 900 °C for 4 h with a heating rate. of 7.55 °C/min. After the synthesis process, the precursor is reacted with acid (delithiation). Delithiation aims to release lithium ions from the host LiTiO (LTO) precursor and replace it with hydrogen ions through an ion exchange mechanism. The adsorption process lasted for 90 min, and the stirring speed was 350 rpm on a magnetic stirrer with temperature variations of 30, 40, and 60 °C and pH values of 4, 8, and 12. This study has shown that synthetic precursors synthesized based on titanium oxide can absorb lithium from brine sources. The maximum recovery obtained at pH 12 and a temperature of 30 °C was 72%, with the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 3.55 mg Li/gr adsorbent. Shrinking Core Model (SCM) kinetics model provided the most fitted model to represent the kinetics model (R = 0.9968), with the constants k, Ds, and k, are 2.2360 × 10 cm/s; 1.2211 × 10 cm/s; and 1.0467 × 10 cm/s.
印度尼西亚是世界上利用地热能作为可再生能源发电的国家之一。根据地质环境，地热卤水含有值得提取的关键元素。其中一种关键元素是锂，它作为电池行业的原材料很有加工价值。本研究全面介绍了用于从人工地热卤水中回收锂的氧化钛材料以及锂/钛摩尔比、温度和溶液pH值的影响。前驱体采用TiO和LiCO合成，在室温下将几种不同锂/钛摩尔比的原料混合10分钟。将20克原料混合物放入50毫升坩埚中，然后在马弗炉中煅烧。炉内煅烧温度分别为600、750和900℃，保温4小时，升温速率为7.55℃/分钟。合成过程完成后，前驱体与酸反应（脱锂）。脱锂旨在通过离子交换机制从主体LiTiO（LTO）前驱体中释放锂离子，并用氢离子取代。吸附过程持续90分钟，在磁力搅拌器上搅拌速度为350转/分钟，温度分别为30、40和60℃，pH值分别为4、8和12。本研究表明，基于氧化钛合成的前驱体能够从卤水源中吸收锂。在pH值为12、温度为30℃时获得的最大回收率为72%，获得的最大吸附容量为3.55毫克锂/克吸附剂。收缩核模型（SCM）动力学模型是最适合代表动力学模型的模型（R = 0.9968），常数k、Ds和k分别为2.2360×10厘米/秒；1.2211×10厘米/秒；和1.0467×10厘米/秒。
