Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Am J Pharm Educ. 2023 May;87(5):100021. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2022.12.003. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are an outgrowth of the competency-based educational model to support workplace-based learner assessments and evaluation. A learner's performance of EPAs is assessed by the degree of provided entrustment and required supervision rather than by a score, percentage, or letter grade typically assigned in traditional academic coursework. Entrustment-supervision (ES) scales are used to document learner progression and steer learner development over time. The purpose of this article is to critique various ES tools in health professions education for utilization within an EPA framework for learner assessment in workplace-based settings and to determine which will best suit pharmacy education. Exploring the advantages and disadvantages across all types of ES scales is a critical step in determining the most useful ES tool for use within a specific pharmacy institution and across the Academy. An ES scale with the traditional 5 levels, a prospective assessment frame, and increased stratification at lower levels should be recommended by the Academy and utilized in workplace-based settings for formative and summative assessment to provide more valid assessment of learners, support the ideal of life-long learning, and give more meaning for pharmacy faculty and learners within assessment.
可委托的专业活动（EPAs）是基于能力的教育模式的产物，旨在支持基于工作场所的学习者评估和评价。学习者的 EPAs 表现是通过提供的委托程度和所需的监督程度来评估的，而不是通过传统学术课程中通常分配的分数、百分比或字母等级来评估。委托监督（ES）量表用于记录学习者的进展，并随着时间的推移引导学习者的发展。本文的目的是批评各种卫生专业教育中的 ES 工具，以在基于 EPA 的学习者评估框架中用于基于工作场所的设置，并确定哪些最适合药学教育。探索所有类型的 ES 量表的优缺点是确定在特定药学机构内和整个药学领域内最有用的 ES 工具的关键步骤。一个具有传统 5 个等级、前瞻性评估框架和较低等级分层增加的 ES 量表应该得到学院的推荐，并在基于工作场所的环境中用于形成性和总结性评估，为学习者提供更有效的评估，支持终身学习的理想，并为药学教师和学习者在评估中赋予更多意义。
