自然保护区在中国生态系统服务保护成效中的作用。
The role of nature reserves in conservation effectiveness of ecosystem services in China.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
出版信息
J Environ Manage. 2023 Sep 15;342:118228. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118228. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
Establishing nature reserves (NRs) is a common method to avoid biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services (ESs). The evaluation of ESs in NRs and the exploration of associated influencing factors are the basis for improving ESs and management. However, the ES effectiveness of NRs over time remains questionable, namely due to the heterogeneity of landscape characteristics inside and outside of NRs. This study (i) quantifies the role of 75 NRs in China in maintaining ESs (i.e., net primary production (NPP), soil conservation, sandstorm prevention and water yield) from 2000 to 2020, (ii) reveals the trade-offs/synergies, and (iii) identifies the main influencing factors of the ES effectiveness of NRs. The results show that more than 80% of NRs had positive ES effectiveness, which was greater in older NRs. For different ESs, effectiveness over time increases for NPP (E_NPP), soil conservation (E_SC) and sandstorm prevention (E_SP) but declines for water yield (E_WY). There is a clear synergistic relationship between E_NPP and E_SC. Moreover, the effectiveness of ESs is closely correlated with elevation, precipitation, and perimeter area ratio. Our findings can provide important information to support site selection and management of reserves to improve the delivery of critical ecosystem services.
建立自然保护区（NRs）是避免生物多样性丧失和生态系统服务（ESs）退化的常用方法。NRs 中 ESs 的评估以及相关影响因素的探索是改善 ESs 和管理的基础。然而，NRs 的 ES 有效性随时间的推移仍然存在疑问，主要是由于 NRs 内外景观特征的异质性。本研究（i）量化了 2000 年至 2020 年中国 75 个 NRs 对维持生态系统服务（即净初级生产力（NPP）、土壤保持、防沙尘暴和产水量）的作用，（ii）揭示了权衡/协同作用，（iii）确定了 NRs 的 ES 有效性的主要影响因素。结果表明，超过 80%的 NRs 具有积极的 ES 有效性，而较老的 NRs 的有效性更大。对于不同的 ESs，NPP（E_NPP）、土壤保持（E_SC）和防沙尘暴（E_SP）的有效性随时间增加，而产水量（E_WY）的有效性则下降。E_NPP 和 E_SC 之间存在明显的协同关系。此外，ESs 的有效性与海拔、降水和周长面积比密切相关。我们的研究结果可以提供重要信息，以支持保护区的选址和管理，从而改善关键生态系统服务的提供。
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