Warne M St J, Neelamraju C, Strauss J, Turner R D R, Smith R A, Mann R M
Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 20;892:164632. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164632. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
Pesticides decrease the quality of water reaching the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Up to 86 pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) were monitored between July 2015 to end of June 2018 at 28 sites in waterways that discharge to the GBR. Twenty-two frequently detected PAIs were selected to calculate their combined risk when they co-occur in water samples. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for the 22 PAIs to fresh and marine species were developed. The SSDs, the multi-substance potentially affected fraction (msPAF) method, Independent Action model of joint toxicity and a Multiple Imputation method were combined to convert measured PAI concentration data to estimates of the Total Pesticide Risk for the 22 PAIs (TPR) expressed as the average percentage of species affected during the wet season (i.e., 182 days). The TPR and percent contribution of active ingredients of Photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, Other Herbicides, and Insecticides to the TPR were estimated. The TPR ranged from <1 % to 42 % of aquatic species being affected. Approximately 85 % of the TPR estimates were >1 % - meaning they did not meet the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan's pesticide target for waters entering the GBR. There were marked spatial differences in TPR estimates - regions dominated by grazing had lower estimates while those with sugar cane tended to have higher estimates. On average, active ingredients of PSII herbicides contributed 39 % of the TPR, the active ingredients of Other Herbicides contributed ~36 % and of Insecticides contributed ~24 %. Nine PAIs (diuron, imidacloprid, metolachlor, atrazine, MCPA, imazapic, metsulfuron, triclopyr and ametryn) were responsible for >97 % of TPR across all the monitored waterways.
农药降低了流入澳大利亚大堡礁（GBR）的水质。2015年7月至2018年6月底，在流入大堡礁的水道中的28个地点监测了多达86种农药活性成分（PAI）。选择了22种经常检测到的PAI，以计算它们在水样中共存时的综合风险。建立了22种PAI对淡水和海洋物种的物种敏感性分布（SSD）。将SSD、多物质潜在影响分数（msPAF）方法、联合毒性独立作用模型和多重填补方法结合起来，将测得的PAI浓度数据转换为22种PAI的总农药风险（TPR）估计值，以雨季（即182天）期间受影响物种的平均百分比表示。估计了光系统II抑制除草剂、其他除草剂和杀虫剂的活性成分对TPR的TPR和贡献百分比。TPR范围为受影响水生物种的<1%至42%。大约85%的TPR估计值>1%——这意味着它们未达到《2050年大堡礁水质改善计划》中对流入大堡礁水体的农药目标。TPR估计值存在明显的空间差异——以放牧为主的地区估计值较低，而种植甘蔗的地区往往估计值较高。平均而言，PSII除草剂的活性成分对TPR的贡献为39%，其他除草剂的活性成分贡献约36%，杀虫剂的活性成分贡献约24%。九种PAI（敌草隆、吡虫啉、异丙甲草胺、莠去津、2甲4氯、咪唑乙烟酸、甲磺隆、三氯吡氧乙酸和莠灭净）占所有监测水道TPR的>97%。
