Zarychta Julia, Kowalczyk Adrian, Krawczyk Milena, Lejman Monika, Zawitkowska Joanna
Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 May 27;15(11):2944. doi: 10.3390/cancers15112944.
In order to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies and extend the long-term survival of patients, more and more often, in addition to standard treatment, oncological patients receive also targeted therapy, i.e., CAR-T cells. These cells express a chimeric receptor (CAR) that specifically binds an antigen present on tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. The use of CAR-T cells in the therapy of relapsed and refractory B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) resulted in complete remission in many patients, which prompted researchers to conduct tests on the use of CAR-T cells in the treatment of other hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is associated with a poorer prognosis compared to ALL due to a higher risk of relapse caused by the development of resistance to standard treatment. The 5-year relative survival rate in AML patients was estimated at 31.7%. The objective of the following review is to present the mechanism of action of CAR-T cells, and discuss the latest findings on the results of anti-CD33, -CD123, -FLT3 and -CLL-1 CAR-T cell therapy, the emerging challenges as well as the prospects for the future.
为了提高癌症治疗的有效性并延长患者的长期生存率，越来越多的肿瘤患者除了接受标准治疗外，还接受靶向治疗，即嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T细胞）治疗。这些细胞表达一种嵌合受体（CAR），该受体特异性结合肿瘤细胞上存在的抗原，从而导致肿瘤细胞裂解。在复发和难治性B型急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的治疗中使用CAR-T细胞，使许多患者实现了完全缓解，这促使研究人员开展关于在其他血液系统恶性肿瘤（包括急性髓系白血病（AML））治疗中使用CAR-T细胞的试验。与ALL相比，AML的预后较差，因为对标准治疗产生耐药性导致复发的风险更高。AML患者的5年相对生存率估计为31.7%。以下综述的目的是介绍CAR-T细胞的作用机制，并讨论关于抗CD33、抗CD123、抗FLT3和抗CLL-1 CAR-T细胞治疗结果的最新发现、新出现的挑战以及未来的前景。
