Merola Elettra, Grana Chiara Maria
Gastroenterology Unit, G.B. Grassi Hospital (ASL Roma 3), Lido di Ostia, 00122 Rome, Italy.
Radiometabolic Therapy Unit, Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 May 30;15(11):2975. doi: 10.3390/cancers15112975.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells distributed throughout the human body. With an increasing incidence over the past few decades, they represent a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms, mostly expressing somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on their cell surface. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has emerged as a crucial strategy for treating advanced, unresectable neuroendocrine tumors by administering radiolabeled somatostatin analogs intravenously to target SSTRs. This article will focus on the multidisciplinary theranostic approach, treatment effectiveness (such as response rates and symptom relief), patient outcomes, and toxicity profile of PRRT for NEN patients. We will review the most significant studies, such as the phase III NETTER-1 trial, and discuss promising new radiopharmaceuticals, including alpha-emitting radionuclide-labeled somatostatin analogs and SSTR antagonists.
神经内分泌肿瘤（NENs）是起源于分布在人体各处的神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤。在过去几十年中，其发病率不断上升，它们是一组高度异质性的肿瘤，大多数在其细胞表面表达生长抑素受体（SSTRs）。肽受体放射性核素治疗（PRRT）已成为治疗晚期、不可切除神经内分泌肿瘤的关键策略，通过静脉注射放射性标记的生长抑素类似物来靶向SSTRs。本文将重点关注PRRT用于NEN患者的多学科诊疗方法、治疗效果（如缓解率和症状缓解情况）、患者预后以及毒性特征。我们将回顾最重要的研究，如III期NETTER-1试验，并讨论有前景的新型放射性药物，包括发射α粒子的放射性核素标记的生长抑素类似物和SSTR拮抗剂。
